Principle Of Good Governance In Islam

Principle Of Good Governance In IslamBoth the guideger and hadith re send a room disposed whatever(prenominal) study the commandments in the atomic number 18as of radical personal matters that toilette non be omitted from any govern ment system. The book of account does non mention the particulars and expatiate and have been left for the Moslem Ummah to formulate gibe to while and indicate. In the application of constitutional teachings or guidelines of Muslim political system, general rules or fundamental linguistic rules which atomic number 18 considered as the highest values have a major(ip) impact on the formation of the Moslem model of the maintain, its functions and its system of organization. The elemental principles, concepts and rules are discussed below.The Concept of Sovereignty in the Islamic SystemThe reign in Islam belongs to paragon. The Quran tells us that Allah (SWT) is the creator and Lord of the entire exoteric, including the militar y man kind and whole associated with them. T present(predicate)fore, Allah (SWT) is the integrity who has on the whole the business leaderfulnesss and attri notwithstandinges of sovereignty and zipper what of each(prenominal) m that belongs bothwhere. so, no one else can share the sovereignty of the entire uni meter as it only belongs to Allah (SWT). Command is only for Allah. He has commanded that you do not submit to anybody and him. This is the Right Way of life, but nigh men beneathstand not.The rule of police in the Islamic SystemThe principle of the rule of impartiality in the Islamic system is considered as a humble or corner stone where Islam was founded on a post and Shariah, beca call Islam came to remove in arbiter and tyranny and struggled to knock down the ultimate power pole. Thus, the basic principles contained in the Quran, hadith and consensus (ijma) even in the century struggle with tyranny.Allah (SWT) regularisesO ye who believe Obey Allah, a nd obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye trail issue in anything among yourselves, refer to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the last sidereal day that is best, and or so suitable for final determination1.In an separate verse Allah (SWT) saysO ye who believe Obey Allah. And obey the Messenger, and view not self-conceited your deeds2Therefore, the Islamic judge must implement the Quran and Sunnah in all disputes brought in the lead him. If he does not perform it, his bearing is not acceptable because he failed to fulfill the duties of a judge according to Sharia.The Sunnah came to support, vehemencee and clarify these Quranic verses.Prophet Muhammad (SAW) utter thatObedience of a human be is disallowed, if it is considered disobedience to the creator (Allah)3.Prophet Muhammad (SAW) alike give tongue to thatEvery act that does not conform to our order is rejected4.In the Islamic system, everyone, from heads of secern, giving medication and people, are subject to the law. The Prophet (SAW) himself is subject to, and is the most faithful to the Quran. He was Abd Allah wa rasuluh, the servant of God and his messenger. The head of suppose and the head of giving medication cannot invoke any immunity from impeachment. The principle, Be you ever so high, the law is supra you has always been in that respect in Islamic law, to include the Prophet (SAW) himself.Just before he died, the Prophet (SAW) make the following short speechI swear by God that I have do lawful only those things that the Quran made lawful and I have made unlawful only those things that the Quran made unlawful. If I have taken the money of any of you, here is my money, let him come and take it, and if I have lashed the body of any, here is my body, let him take moxie his even off5.In the same way, Abu Bakr, the prime(prenominal) successor and caliph of the Muslim state, in his acceptance speech expressO people I have been ap meridianed over you, but I am not the best of you. Support me if I did loadingual and remove me if I did badly a weak person of you is hale before me as long as I maintain his right for him. And a strong one of you is weak before me until I take back a right from him Obey me as long as I obeyed Allah and his Messenger. If I disobeyed them there is no obedience of me upon you6.The past verses back up by the hadith shows that every dispute deep down the Muslim confederation betwixt individuals, groups of people, or between people and the government, or among the parts the government and people, must be judged by the basic law we ingestd from Allah (SWT) and His Messenger. match to this principle, the country must have an institution that judges among the people of the Quran and Sunnah, and the institution is a judicial authority.The Doctrine of the Separation of Powers and Independence of the tribunalSeparate branches of government have different functions is not an idea t hat is unregenerate to the Shariah. There is no detailed prescription ab bring show up the form of government in the Quran. What is clear is the goal of the state and the principles that should be followed by the government. so the idea to promote broad(a) governance, organized by the Shariah, is compatible with Islam. In addition, the doctrine of judicial independence is a constitutional principle in Islamic constitution. Judges are independent and subject to no different authority but the law.In Islam, there are a scrap of recognized institutions may have in common with democratic forms of government. For example, the amir may be likened to the Prime Minister or President who is the mind government or executive body assembly, which is recognized in some(prenominal) Islam and democracy as a message to discuss the laws and policies made by the government, which recognized both Islam and democracy, and last but not least, the judiciary. Therefore, in Islam, the principle of check and balance as practiced under the doctrine of withdrawal of powers can be exercised. Furthermore, it has been claimed that the doctrine of separation of powers has been used at the time of the Prophet in the city state.As-shuraAs-shura is one of the most important constitutional principles in the Islamic constitution. The proof of the importance of shura is to be found in the Quran and Sunnah. In one of the two clear verses on it in the Quran, shura is mentioned as mandatory and in the other verse, it is mentioned that those who practice it are praised. The livelong system of the Islamic state from its inception to the selection of the head of the state and all those in positions of power as soundly as its dealing must be conducted by shura, whether it is carried out directly or indirectly through selected or elected representatives.The Quran states thatThose who hearken to their Lord, and establish constant Prayer who (conduct) their affairs by mutual Consultation who s pend out of what We bestow on them for Sustenance.7Even the Prophet, although he was the recipient of direct steering from the Supreme Allah, was command-ed. Allah saysConsult them in affairs (of moment). Then, when thou hast taken a decision put thy trust in Allah. For Allah loves those who put their trust (in Him).8 pursuance this advice and lead, Caliph Umar admonished thatThere is no khilafah without consultation.9Thus, the practice of shura is the mechanism followed at all stages in the selection of political leadership by Muhammad and his followers. It was the prototypal Muslim elected four khulafah guidance, although the selection and approval process varies. The important principle is the truth and accountability and habitual confidence in those elected by the community. Even after that when crawling hereditary rule in infr work of this community right, mask allegiance, or acceptance of government still retained. justnessIslam has given to the justice position is so well known as the law may have previous system of law, old or new, that had given him. There are many verses of the Quran that speak and savor justice, universal order encompassing all human affairs.In one of the verses of the Quran in which enjoying justice has been generally and unqualifiedly ordered, Allah saysAllah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.10In other verse of the Quran, it is stated thatAllah doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due And when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice Verily how excellent is the teaching which He giveth you For Allah is He Who heareth and seeth all things.11 justness in the Islamic political system, including social justice, which heart and soul that the government should mark to meet and satisfy the wishings and desires of all the people as they have a valid part of the state and the source of bona fide citizens of the country. This includes the provision of job, fashion of subsistence and economic justice. This in turn suggests that it is the responsibility of the government to provide food, tribute and clothing for all the people in the state. Economic justice aimed at equitable distribution of lifestyle and checks the concentration of wealth in a some hands. That is why the help Caliph Umar refused to divide land among the Muslim soldiers and commanders in areas conquered by Muslims in Iraq, Iran and Syria.Only justice can draw discipline in life of the people. It is in like manner important that the administration of justice, which means that all state officers are likewise subject to accountability and they do not need to consider and treat the person as a slave or personal assistant. They should not insult the people in any manner. They should be honest and efficiently in administer unexclusive affairs. It s hould be ensured that the concentration of wealth in one class or few hands did not happen. There is absolutely no doubt, that the governing principle of Islam is a set of the most comprehensive scientific and principles of efficient administration.FreedomContemporary scholars of modern constitutional law divide into several(prenominal) branches of freedom freedom of thought and belief, the right to education and property and personal freedom. There is no apparent motion that the Islamic Constitution gives such(prenominal) large(p) consideration and respect for this freedom because it has rarely been given by other political doctrine in the Constitution of the positive. Man has continued to use the right of choice ever since he has been on the earth. On this point that the Quran makes is as followsSeest thou not that to Allah bow down in worship all things that are in the heavens and on earth, the sun, the moon, the stars the hills, the trees, the animals and a great descend amon g mankind? But a great number are ( in addition) such as are fit for Punishment and such as Allah shall disgrace None can raise to honour for Allah carries out all that He entrusts.EqualityThe principle of equivalence is one of the most important constitutional principles upon which the contemporary system rests. This means that the principle of compare contained in the individual communities are gibe in rights, responsibilities and public duties that allow for be enjoyed by all without discrimination of race, origin, lan-measure or belief. The principle of equality has been initiated by the Quran and Sunnah and the expansion of Islam during some as a precedent in Islamic law and its own time and place precedent is a fundamental revolution in the basic concept of Arab ideas about the source of pride as the notion held by some tribes but not by others. Islamic law ground on the Quran and Sunnah is common to all and is equally applicable to the members of the smart set from th e lowest to the highest level, without any distinction or discriminationThe Prophet was asked to herald thatI have been commanded to maintain justice between you.12The Prophet admonished thatThe nations before you were destroyed because they would punish the lower class criminals according to the law but would let go those from the higher class.Then laying further emphasis, He continued by stating thatI swear by the Authority in whose control is Mohammads life, if Mohammads daughter is guilty of stealing, I would cut her hand off.37Therefore, all the personal, civil, political, social, cultural and economic rights of an individual are guaranteed under Islamic law. Everyone has equal rights and is equally responsible before the law. It is the duty of government to ensure that every member of society, particularly the poor, given its right time.AccountabilityIt is permissible to make the head of state and the head of government responsible for their acts. Statute on the question of t he permissibility of calling heads of state to account varies from state to state in the modern system of government. Some state Constitution provides that heads of state are not subject to blame for the actions and behavior even though he violated the law, whereas, according to the Islamic constitution, there is no difference between the heads of state and other individuals in the accountability for violating the law.Al-amr bil maruf wa nahi an al-munkarThis literally means commanding what is right and prohibition what is wrong and encompasses a whole dodge of duties and responsibilities.The Quran makes it the mission of its believersYou are the best of Peoples evolved for humankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong and believing in Allah.13This means that every individual in the society has the right, nay the duty, to tell the truth and to stand for it, to further all that is good and virtuous and do his or her utmost to remove the wrongs and vices wherever h e or she finds them.The Prophet tells us thatWhoever among you sees a vice (or wrong), he should change it with his hands if he is not able to do that, and then he should check it with his tongue and if he cannot do that, then he should consider it bad in his heart (and wish for its removal) and this is the sign of weakest in faith.14A famous hadith states as followsThe best Jihad is to say what is just (or truth) in the face of a tyrant.15Yet other hadith states thatWhen people see a tyrant and do not remove his hands, it is not far that Allah (SWT) sends a common punishment on them.16Thus the above hadith categorically emphasised its importance.Islamic Banking in BruneiHaving go early to establish Shariah-compliant services, the Sultanate was now in a position to mutilate a niche for itself as a center for Islamic banking. However, the intentness must address a number of challenges, led by the shortfall of skilled labor, if it is to fully support the infractment of the segm ent.In mid-October, Standard undertake Bank Brunei (SCB) verbalise it was mulling plans to introduce Islamic banking products this year to meet change magnitude petition for syariah-compliant banking services in Brunei. The announcement followed the September launch of the Islamic Bank of Brunei, which replaced the International Bank of Brunei as the sole domestically owned bank in the country.The Tabung Amanah Islam Brunei was launched in 1991 and was the first pecuniary institution to entreat savings and financing in accordance with Islamic principles. It was followed two years later by the Islamic Bank of Brunei. They were joined in 2000 by the Islamic Development Bank of Brunei.Standard Chartered Bank Brunei chief operating officer Lai Pei-Si told the media in October that launching an Islamic bank was a logical ill-treat to take and a logical step to consider because Brunei has an express need for Islamic banking products. He added that the bank would begin modestly by pass Islamic products, with hopes of bringing much more comprehensive Islamic solutions into the country.In April, the managing director of Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam, Javed Ahmad, tell the market share held by syariah-compliant banking was evaluate to increase to 60 per cent from its current levels of 40-55 per cent over the conterminous five years.At a seminar on Islamic finance, Ahmad express Brunei Darussalams strengths, led by strong economic and political stability, good infrastructure and government support, meant it was well placed to build a reputation as an Islamic pecuniary centre.With more aggressive marketing, Brunei Darussalams journey towards making itself an Islamic financial hub might become a possibility in the next few years, he said.A report in December by globular consultancy Ernst Young said the beingnesswide value of Islamic banking would reach US$1.55 trillion in 2012 and US$1.8 trillion this year. Growth in Muslim communities in the Middle East, North Africa and Asia were key drivers in the rising demand for Islamic financial services, it said.The Sultanate is benefiting from early participation in the Islamic banking segment, having launched its first Islamic bond, the Short Term Government Sukuk Al-Ijarah programme worthy $ one hundred fifty million for a three-month certificate in April 2006.In November, Autoriti Monetari Brunei Darussalam (AMBD, which acts as cardinal bank), announced the successful pricing of its 82nd issuance of sukuk or Islamic bonds, worth $100 million at a rental rate of 0.16 per cent. The move followed a $100-million, 90-day issuance that matures this month.Although Brunei Darussalam is well positioned to capitalize on growing refer in Islamic finance, observers have emphasized the need for the Sultanate to develop Islamic banking products are new if it is to maintain its position in the market.Understanding the possibility of Maqasid al-Syariah (the objectives of Islamic law) and the defining characteristics of an Islamic bank could encourage the Islamic banking perseverance to improve and excel in their product innovation as well as financial inter-mediation that can be linked to economic growth, Abdul Ghafar Ismail, a lecturer at the Research Centre for Islamic Economics and Finance, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, said at a conference last May.Industry experts believe Brunei addressing these challenges, with an emphasis on staff training after human resources has been identified as a factor that may limit the success.Having strengthened its operational base and regulatory framework, Brunei is now taking steps to address a shortfall of trained industry professionals in the Islamic financial sector by providing on-the-job training and local universities offering bachelors, masters and doctorate item programmes related to Islamic finance, said Javed.Early entry into the Islamic financial services market by the Sultanate had provided it has a solid foundation to develop the industry. Experts suggest the focus should now shift to export expertise and strengthen the global role of the Sharia Islamic banking.Concept Of RibaRiba in MalaysiaRiba is a transaction sustain between 2 or more parties. Therefore, it is an covenant which is enforceable by law.17So, when an agreement is not capable of being enforced, it is said not to considered as a contract.18Even though there could be contract between the parites, the law had laid down certain stead where the contract will be invalidated based on circumstances. divide 24 of the Contracts feat describes a stave off contract as any agreement or contract, the object or consideration of which is forbidden by law, is such a nature that if permitted by law will beat the law is fraudulent it involves implied injury to the person or property of another or is regarded as immoral or opposed to public constitution by the courtroom. Thus, in all the above circumstances, the courts are requested to apply the agr eement as il legal and therefore forefend having no effect whatsoever.19The Act further provides for instances or evidence where an agreement will be regarded to be deflower.The Act provides as followsThe considerations and objects of an agreement are lawful, unless (a) it is forbidden by law(b) it is such a nature that, if permitted, it would defeat any law(c) it is fraudulent(d) it involves or implies injury to the person or property of another or(e) the court regards it as immoral, or opposed to public insurance.The above cases show that the consideration or the object of the consideration is said to be unlawful. In perspective where the consideration is said to be unlawful, the contract is voidThe main part shall be on S24(b) and of the contract Act. The court had the power to declare any riba transaction to be void it such situation had been brough to the civil court. If the riba based agreement is allowed, this would defeat any law and alike the constitution too. This ar gument falls unequivocally on S.24(b) of the Contract Act. excessively that, a riba based agreement if allowed would defeat A.3 of the Federal constitution as well. The courts can therefore rely on this provision to declare a riba-based transaction or agreement void.The combination of the two provisions of the law is sufficient for the court to declare that riba based agreement, would defeat A.3 of the Fedeeal Constitution. This interpretation is in line with the principle that the constitution should not be read in isolation but rather it must be interpretaed in a way that it would give life and meaning to other provision of the law.The second argument that could be raised by the court in void riba based transaction is the ground of public policy. This is coverd by S,24(e) of the Contract Act.The question now is what is public policy and what is public policy in Malaysia.. It has been viewed in one quarter as the broad framework of ideas and values within which decisions are take n and action, or inaction, is pursued by governments in notification to an issue or problem.20It has also been seen as a proposed course of action of a person, group or government within a given environment, providing obstacles and opportunities which the policy was proposed to utilise and overcome in an effort to reach a goal or realise an objective or purpose.21Furthermore, it is also a commitment to a course or plan of action concord to by a group of people with the power to carry it out.22It is also seen as whatever governments choose to do or not to do.23It can also mean an agreement that injures public welfare, morals or health.24It also means policy of the law and is applicable to the spirit and letter of the law.25It is also seen as principles according to which actions of men and communities need to be regulated to accomplish the good of the entire community or public.26It has been seen as principles and standards regarded by the legislative body or by the courts as bei ng a fundamental use up to the state and the whole of the society and things that can injure the public at large.27It further refers to the art of ruling wisely and to matters which the Legislature or the court regards as fundamental concern to the state and to the whole society.28It connotes an preponderating public arouse that may justify the courts decision to declare a contract void.29From all the definition of Public policy which had been defined above, oine could reasonably reason out that public policy includes the state ideology, the state objectives and plan, the values and fundamental concerns of the state, the legal policy of the state in terms of spirit and letters of the law, the overriding public beguile and principles regulating the affairs of the state to achieve good for the community.Regarding the second question which is regarding public policy in Malaysia, it is to be said that Islam is considered as the public policy in Malaysia. The trust of Islam being t he public policy of Malaysia is evident in art 3 of the Constitution which declares Islam as the religion of the federation. It was made so important to the extent of having it stated in art 3 of the Constitution. It is also evident in the careful draftsmanship of art 4(1) to exclude Islam from a law that may be rendered void for being inconsistent with the provision of the Constitution.30One can also clearly see the public policy in the nature of oath being taken by the Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Agong.31This can also be seen in the definition of who is Malay.32It can also be seen in art 74(2) which gives the state the powers to make laws in Islamic matters. On the other hand, the population of Moslem had overridden the number of other religion in Malaysia. In addition to that, Muslims also represent the majority in political positions including that of the states of the Federation.Having affirmed that Islam remains as the major public policy of Malaysia, it is clear for the cou rt to nullify riba based agreement nor transaction to be contradict with the public policy of Malaysia which is under S.24 of the Contract Act and A.3 of the Federal Constitution.There are certain dissent that had been raised which is one could be said to have the intention to lower Shariah principle on every citizens in this country including those who are of different religion.. This argument may not hold water because this is nothing but pure interpretation of the existing laws of the country namely the Contracts Act and the Constitution. Secondly, it is natural that a law usually emerges anywhere in the world as a result of the political, social, religious and sometimes even for inconsiderate reasons. It is a product of the cultural norms, social status and public policy of a nation and this perhaps led to the emergence of Islam as the religion of the federation. Even the Central Bank Act of Malaysia enjoins the bank to promote the interest of the country.33It is submitted he re that allowing a riba-based transaction is even not in the interest of the country, No matter how it is looked at, A.3 of the Federal constitution is already in institution and the best solution for it is to interpreted it in a way that it gives life and meaning to the provision Moroever, invalidating riba based transaction on the grounds of public policy is equivalent to circumstances where the court declares an agreement void due to the reason of it is against moralityRiba in BruneiThroughout the history there are people who are trying to justify riba. There is a writer saying that We can state that there will be no Islamic pre-eminence without achieving economic pre-eminence. Besides that, is it to said that there could not be any pre-eminence without establishing any fininacial institution which dould not function without relying in interest (Riba/ usury)The muslim ummah is permited to build up their own economies by way of using the means that Allah had allowed for them.Econ omic strength enables the Ummah to perform what Allah had permitted to them and what had been forbidden to them. Whenever a Muslim helps in preserving Allahs command and help each other to go on the rightenous of Islamic Law, Allah will make bless them. In addition to that, Allah will also help them in archieving their goals and stay safety.Regarding the statement- There can be no economic pre-eminence without nancial institutions and no nancial institutions without interest (Riba), they are utterly off.This false statement had been contradicted with the Al Quran. The practices of Islamic economic where it was establish at the time of prophet until now where banks had affirmed the falsehood of this statement.Muslim economy could said to have been the strong during the past few centuries where it does not rely incomplete on bank nor Riba. Besides that, throughout this time period, many Muslims w

Information Systems in Retail and Fashion: Zara

development familys in Retail and Fashion ZaraFashion exertion is one of the around combative food grocery stores with many competitions between companies and brands. Among those, Zara from Inditex has stood out as a unique governance with special knowledge and abilities in revolutionary put out chance, processes, management means and effectuation of entropy and instruction engine room. This report aims to analyse the dry land and the plowsh are of learning System and study Technology in this advantage.INTRODUCTION latterly Inditex, the parent company that owns Zara, has received peeled members to the Board of Directors who rent spacious experience and knowledge of finance. However they have dinky understanding active the Fashion Industry and schooling Technology. The intention of the following report is to conf utilisation the saucy members a concise overview of the fashion exertion, Zara and the importance of the relation they have with entropy Technol ogy. In order to do that, this report pull up stakes brood topics much(prenominal) as, the Fashion Industry, the victor of Zara in the Fashion Industry, the importance of sum up Management in Zaras advantage and the use of discipline Technology in Zaras fashion business standard.BODYFashion a competitive industryThe fashion public is genuinely complex it is not hardly well-nigh the appearance. There are many factors which contribute to the fashion industry such as purification, style, creativity and many more.The fashion world is competitive because polar people have different taste. tunees wants to capture the trend to suit peoples believe forwards their competitors. The clothing reflects on the personality and characteristic of the person, which therefore creates options for businesses as they derriere choose their preferred target.This could also be due to the culture impact as this is where a persons personality is developed. This is one reason as to why the fa shion industry produces different type produces. in any case businesses depends on the BIG BRAND fashion shows, so they can create crude styles which are similar to those holdn on the show to attract more customers. Also businesses needs to be able-bodied to keep up with the trend in order stratify their customers, as fashion world changing frequently. vesture can reflect on your social status which can be clearly defined in the word brand. Brand is an additional reason which makes the fashion world competitive. Rich people forgeting feel severe to have luxury goods which are c tout ensembleed big brands because their status are reflected upon these. intimately know brands present their product as high quality. Therefore the midriff level brand and non brand forms, encourages people with lower purchasing magnate finger to buy tog. Consequently everyone is able to buy robes they desire.Success of ZaraZara is considered to be one of the pioneers of unfaltering fashion industry and has been dominating the fashion industry across the world for almost two decades. Some facets that lead to Zaras success are as followsZara is able to adapt to the changing market trends very quickly and meet the customer demands ground on the seek on current market trends.One of the master(prenominal) cite factors that were essential for the success of Zara was, they had their art head quarters with designers, factories and scattering centres solely onsite. While most of the competitors moved Far East for much cheaper production, Zara decided to make the clothes at Spain to reduce the lead quantifys and could also make the clothes faster and get them to stores at much faster rate.Anformer(a) aspect is to put up small amounts to each store and monitor which design interchange more and produce the design that makes the maximum sale, instead of holding stocks at inventory. The store animal trainers take the task of monitor the design which sells more and shift it to production managers and they decide how many garments are to be manufactured and transported to the local shops.Zara exerted a short lead time to keep up with the fast fashion add together chain and always a abuse ahead when compared with its competitors. From the indentifying step to final product only take 30-old age. disclose processes and Information Systems contributionThe important processes areOrdering is done primed on current market trends and customer feedbacks.Designing based on the orders given.Manufacturing After manufacturing the clothes are sent to the distribution centres.Distribution From the distribution centres the garments are sent to the stores.Improvement of process utilize ITIt saves lot of timeHandwork is reducedInformation flow being made easierInformation is kept in the computing machine databaseInformation Systems and Information Technology opposed different companies have to spend large amount of money to puddle advantages from Informatio n Technology and and then pay more money to maintain it, Inditex invests very little on Information System which is referred to simple Technologies coat at Inditex are written and maintained by an IT staff of 50, which accounts for s decipherable than 0.5% of the companys workforce (McAfee, A 2004).Part of Zaras Information System focuses on the communion between its retailers stores and the head-quarter in La Corua. Every store of Zara is equipped with the PDAs and disk operating strategy based acid-of-gross revenue (POS) package design so that every order from customer allow transfer directly to the head-quarter for analysis purposes. This system is also use for store customer comments and opinions on styles and design thus will be used to support the design team to provide exactly products that meet the real time needs of markets demand.An otherwise use of Information System in Zara is that the stores manager can order goods concerned to quantitative and design which they think will sell best for their local markets. However, this training transferring process is not using more complex technology than dial-up internet to transmit the information twice a week.Also, based on the Annual Report for Stakeholders (2007) Inditex mentioned the implementation of shop Management Terminal (SMT) at every store to strengthen the parley within store, ware put up and management department.Another recent implementation of Information System is the Internet Store (www.ZaraHome.com) which is brought out as receiving online orders and feedbacks from customers.Besides that, computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing ( frank/CAM) that converts designs into tangible products. Designers use the CAD/CAM to quickly make the final products based on customers demands.Role of Information System and Information TechnologyOne of the particular characteristic, known as a unique and a pioneer, of Zara is reduced time in complete process from customers demands to exaltation fulfilled products to stores, supply chain. Like fashion shows in Paris, Zara uses this fashion to draw the designs, transmit these designs to Spain, and finalise them within 15 days whereas, this process takes about six weeks for other competitors do, according to Folpe (2000). One of the methods of load down lead time is the implementation of Information TechnologyZara staffs have to use Information System in this processComputer hardware and software are used to design and store design patterns.Computers and internet are used to transmit these designs to Spain.Computers and internet are used to communicate emails, VoIP, motion-picture show conferences.Information Technology is used to monitor, manage, and process whole process of fashioning products.The robotic system in factory is used to cut fabrics, software or architectural plan is used to mesh robot in terms of swell fabrics, printing image on products, packing clothes, and controlling conveyer belts as well.Information system is also used to communicate with suppliers where to get materials, with divisions of act inside the factory to run whole process effectively and efficiently, and with distributors for shipping as well.As part of the important processes. Recording feedbacks from customers is of import. And it has been strengthened by the implementation of Information Technology.As Jessup and Valacich (2008) said that Information System/ Technology can help to do things faster, better, smarter. Zara has considered as successful example of information and technology ethically.Could Zara be successful without Information Technology?Many companies in the fashion industry are based on a demand-driven and ent rakement based supply chain where data-flow and effectiveness manner of speaking of products are crucial to success. This success in the fashion industry cannot be achieved without a world-shaking investment Information technology. Information technology overcomes communi cation barriers and helps to interconnect all the entities in the supply chain by sharing information. These facts demonstrate the important role that a tight-laced Information technology investment has in the success of an organization in the fashion industry.Recommended improvement in Information Technology and Information SystemMore effective improvements in Information System could support Zara as it could support the relationship and communication with other companies and within Zara. These advantages can be done by the implementation of new Information Technology and Information SystemMaintaining the producing process always hobble at the top performance by supporting stock preparation by better understanding with the material suppliers, scheduling the delivery time more efficient, or technical support immediate associate with manufacturing engines problems. backup expanse and off-shoring decision by make sure the head-quarter can monitoring the business as well as understa nding the new market by means of analysing sales and customers feedbacks.Investment in building private information network within the organization will maximise the superpower of satiny of information, efficient management and better security.Security in ZaraData arctic In case of system crashed or any thread that can destroy data. Inditexs report (2007) written there are contingency systems in the event of computer stoppage, with double equipment and data storage in a different location to the main Centre, which would reduce the consequences of a breakdown or stoppage to a margin of just a few hours.Information security By using of hardware and software, Zara can avoid close of virus, stealing from spyware.Operation safety Robotics system does not only cut down time of process but also limit accidents that may cause by workers mistakes.Transaction security any payment from customers remunerative by cards need to be secured and any online transaction as well.Communication am ongst branches make sure that communication system amongst branches around the world is uninterrupted.The role of supply chain managementSince fashion tendencies are short-lived, the success of a company in the fashion industry lies on its top executive to meet demand and respond quickly to fluctuations and change ( strategical Direction, 2005). This success is only doable if an excellent agile supply chain management system is present to respond to these demands. picture Chain Management is an approach to control and join together all the activities, it also improves the connection between all the entities in the chain supply, by the linkage of all the departments leads to fast and proper delivery of high quality products. Liz Barnes and Gaynor Lea-Greenwood (2006) stated that management strategy moves to achieve success and respond demands along with fluctuations in the market Just-in-Time, agile supply chain and quick antiphonal systems.Just-in-time , according to Bruce (2004) , is a term in that defines the ( delivery of sunk goods to meet demand without carrying up front supply chain inventory , but in time to meet market demand. This is retailer driven concept aimed at reducing costs for businesses in the supply chain).Agile Supply Chains, the concept of agility in the supply chain management is centred on responsiveness (Christopher et al., 2004) as it was mention before the fashion industry is unstable and unpredictable, therefore the mightiness of being responsive in this industry is a crucial factor for any companys success. It was proposed by Harrison (Christopher et al, cited in Harrison 1999) that an agile supply chain has the following characteristicsMarket pure the capability of read and respond to real demand and capturing emerging trends by analysing mind-of-sale data from customers feedback.Virtual an agile supply chain is practical(prenominal) for the reason that connects and shares information on real demand between all the partners in the supply chain, this contributes to collaborative planning.Network-based it means working closely with other specialists, for instance Zara, which assigns all its finishing stages of manufacturing to small subcontractors.Process aligned is the ability of an agile supply chain to have a high decimal point of process interconnectivity and cooperation between network members.Quick response is a key strategy in the fast fashion market that focuses on the ability of an organisation to provide the customer the same quantity of different diverge of high quality products at the upright time, the right place and the right price. This is achieved because of the real-time customer/ consumer demand system, where the clients feedback influences decisions in the manufacturing, distribution and speed of delivery processes.Risky in supply chance managementZaras current model of supply chain has endured for more than two decades and has generated multiple successes for the company. On the ot her hand, this approach could create some take chancess for the company. Michael A. Lewis (2004) explores what could be a possible risk in the supply chain Zara is characterized by exclusivity and maintaining limited supply, consequently for instance, a costumer that often buy at Zara develops a new product but is in limited supply, this customer likes what he wants but feels extort because if it does not get it immediately, it is certain that it will lose the chance to leveraging it in the near future. As a consequence some of Zaras costumers will be left out.E-commerce for ZaraZara has archived tremendous success with its retail stores over the world. So should it expanses on the online market?The yes sideZara could get in touch with overseas markets that have not been reached so far.Improvement in customer gratification will lead to better reputation.Using internet based sales can be considered a good way of advertisement.Providing opportunity for customer to check new produ cts.Earn more profit from selling kind of than focus on retail stores.Easier to get feedbacks and requests from customers on specific or general products.The no sideCost associated with delivery will shape a huge burden for business.More sophisticated in management. severely investment on Information System / Technology is required to amplification benefits and overcome security issues.Increasing in threats of losing confidential information.Style write from competitors is also a problem.Customer may not passionate with this new type of transaction since most people prefer to try on products before making decision.CONCLUSIONTo conclude, the success of Zara is formed by the slap-up management in supply chance and processes and the brilliant in implementation of Information System. By understanding deeply the use and meaning of Information System, Zara has applied and improved its use to build up the certain mastery in this highly competition environment. However, Zara should th ink of improvements in suitable Information System and Technology to gain more competition advantages in the future. recognition LISTBarnes, L., Lea-Greenwood, G. (2006, July). Fast fashioning the supply chain shaping the research agenda. Journal of Fashion Marketing Management, 10(3), 259-271, commercial enterprise get-go Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 13612026, Viewed 15 April 2009.Clive, Edwards, in the buff Wars Fast Fashion, BBC learning.Creating agile supply chains in the fashion industry. (2004). internationalistic Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09590552, Viewed 15 April 2009.Echikson, W (2000), The Mark Of Zara, reappearance 3683, 29 May, p98 100, 2p. pedantic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00077135, Viewed 10 April 2009.Ferdows, K, Lewis, M , Machuca, J (2004) Harvard Business Review, Academic Search complete Nov2004, Vol. 82 Issue 11, p104-110. Viewed 15 April 2009.Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2003). Zara. Supply Chain Forum International Journal 2003, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p62-66, 5p, 1 graph, 3 bw, Business Source Complete, -EBSCOhost , ISSN 16246039, viewed 20 April 2009.Ferdows, K., Lewis, M., Machuca, J. (2004). Rapid-Fire Fulfillment. Harvard Business Review, 82(11), 104-110. Retrieved April 28, 2009, Health Business Fulltext Elite, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00178012, Viewed 15 April 2009.Folpe, Jane M (2000), Zara Has a Made-to-Order Plan for Success, Vol. 142 Issue 5, April, p80-80, Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 00158259. Viewed 15 April 2009.How Zara fashions its supply chain Home is where the heart is. (2005). Strategic Direction, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 02580543, Viewed 15 April 2009.Inditex 2007, Annual Report 2007.Inditex 2008 Press Kit (2008).Jessup, L. and Valcich, J. (2008), Information System Today Managing in The Digital World, 3rd Ed, Upper Saddle River, modern Jersey.McAfee, A. (2004). Do You Have Too Much IT?. MIT Sloan Ma nagement Review, 45(3), 18-22., Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 15329194, viewed 20 April 2009.Textile and apparel supply chain management in Hong Kong. (2006). International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Retrieved April 28, 2009, E-Journals, EBSCOhost, ISSN 09556222, Viewed 15 April 2009.The future of fast fashion. (2005). Economist, June 18, Vol. 375 Issue 8431, p57-58, 2p, 1 graph, 1 color, Humanities International Complete, EBSCOhost, ISSN 0013061, Viewed 20April 2009.APPENDIXAppendex 1Zaras Architectural team (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.34)Appendix 2Inditexs conferences (Inditexs annual report 2007, p.132)Appendix 3Computer room in headquarter in Spain (BBC-Store Wars)How catch fire Reacts by dint of Different Mediums ExperimentHow Light Reacts Through Different Mediums ExperimentAudry AlburquerqueAbstractThe goal of this look into was to determine how does sparkling react when it travels done different mediums. The pupil had to answer one ex amination How does light react as it goes through electron lenses and as it traverses liquids? And her possible hypotheses were If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when super through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, cupular lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of bending and the might of refraction. In an experiment in which the student used the Geometric Optics program and the Bending Light program, she concluded that her hypothesis was right, because as she changed the mediums in the realistic lab, lights direction changed.Lab 12.8 LightDuring this experiment, the student had to find out how does light react as it goes through lenses and as it traverses liquids. In order to answer this question, she created two hypotheses If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or diverges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction.The relationship between the central length f, image duration di, and object distance do is a formula 1/ do + 1/di = 1/f. In a spherical mirror, an object or image behind the mirror has contradict distance and is virtual.The focal length of a convex mirror is contradict and the image distance is always negative. An object placedfarther or closer than the focal point in front of a convex mirror produces a reduced, upright, virtual image. An object that is closer to the concave mirror than the focal point always produces an e nlarged and virtual image. An object that is beyond the focal point always produces an inverted, real image. scapes of light that pass through the convex lens move closer together or converge. Rays of light that pass through the concave lens spread out or diverge. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 20.2) The lens systemmakers par is P = 1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 1/R2 + (n-1) d/nR1R1). The spherometer consists of a base circle of three outer legs, a ring, or the equivalent, having a known radius of the base circle, a central leg, and a reading braid for measuring stick the distance the central leg is moved.(Wikipedia, 2014) Three principal cocks form part in the construction of ray diagrams for convex mirrors a ray that would pass through the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal bloc a ray that is parallel to the principal axis reflects as if in line with the focal point a ray that would pass through the center of curvature is reflected back upon itself. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim , Sect. 20.2) The minimum value that the index of refraction can have is 1. The index of refraction of air is 1.000293, water 1.3330, mediocre glass 1.50, and polycarbonate plastic 1.5849. (Wikipedia, 2014) The speed of light in a vacuum-clean is 3.00 x 108 m/s. (Nirenberg, Kim, Kim, Sect. 19.4) The relationship between the speed of light and the index of refraction is the formula n = c/v. (HyperPhysics, 2012)MethodsThe student used a computer, Geometric Optics simulation program, and Bending light simulation program. She ran some(prenominal) programs http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-optics and http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and tried to learn how to use them. The student analyzed the differences that exist between a real image and a virtual image. Later, using the ruler, she gathered data to solve for focal distance and magnification of the lens using the mirror formula. Later she opened http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-light and familiarized with the program. She recorded what happened when she changed the index of refraction of one or two materials. The student also analyzed which tool was better for measuring angles, and what beam was better also for the angles. After following each possible step properly, the class ended, so the student had to continue her methods at her house on the following days.Results/Data Collection/CalculationsLenss refractive index (n) 1.8 and the radius of curvature (R) 0.7m.1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0cm +1/66.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -66.0cm/120.0cm = -0.5501/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/81.0cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -81.0cm/90.0cm = -0.9001/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/148.9cm = 0.023cm-1 = 43.5cmM = -di/do = -148.9cm/60.0cm = -2.481/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/-88.0cm = 0.022cm-1 = 45.5cmM = -di/do = 88.0cm/30.0cm = 2.931/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/-11.9cm = -0.017cm-1 = -58.8cmM = -di/do = 11.9cm/15.0cm = 0.793Lenss refractive index (n ) 1.25 and the radius of curvature (R) 0.80m1/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/120.0 + 1/130.0cm = 0.016cm-1 = 62.5cmM = -di/do = -130.0cm/120.0cm = -1.0831/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/90.0cm + 1/110cm = 0.020cm-1 = 50cmM = -di/do = -110cm/90.0cm = -1.221/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/60.0cm + 1/80.0cm = 0.029cm-1 = 34.5cmM = -di/do = -80.0cm/60.0cm = -1.331/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/30.0cm + 1/45.0cm = 0.056cm-1 = 17.9cmM = -di/do = -45.0cm/30.0cm = -1.501/ do + 1/di = 1/f = 1/15.0cm + 1/30.0cm = 0.100cm-1 = 10cmM = -di/do = -30.0cm/15.0cm = -2.00Analysis/Discussion/ConclusionThe main goal of this experiment was to determine how does light react when it travels through different mediums. After she finished the experiment, she learned how light reacts as it goes through lenses and liquids. The student realized that both of her hypothesis were right If I use the Geometric Optics program to see how light reacts when passing through different lenses, then I will see that light either converges, concave lenses, or dive rges, concave lenses, because light either reflects or refracts and If I use Bending Light software to see how light reacts when passing through a fluid, then I will be able to see that it bends depending on the angle because of the law of refraction and the index of refraction. Her conclusion was that these hypotheses were right because light does not behave the same through different materials, and the bending of the light that she predicted in her hypotheses matched with the virtual lab. The student learned that with the increasing of the index of refraction of a material, the focal distance decreased. In the Bending Light part when she had to eyeshade angles, the protractor was the best tool. Geometric Optics and Bending Light programs are a little complex, but they are helpful when it comes to understanding how does light act depending on the circumstances.ReferencesBoundless. (2014). The Lensmakers Equation. Boundless. Retrieved from https//www.boundless.com/physics/geometric -optics/lenses/the-lensmaker-s-equation/HyperPhysics. (2012). Refraction of Light. C.R. Nave. Retrieved from http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.htmlNirenberg, I., Kim, J., Kim, J. (2013). CK-12 physics intermediate. CK-12 Foundation. Retrieved from http//www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-PhysicsIntermediate/r12/section/20.0/Oocities.org. (2014). Ray Diagrams Pics. Oocities.org. Retrieved from http//www.oocities.org/rjwarren_stm/2P4/RayDiagramsPics.gifPhet. (2013). Geometric optics. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/geometric-opticsPhet. (2013). Bending light. University of Colorado. Retrieved from http//phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/bending-lightWikipedia. (January 28, 2014). list of refractive indices. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_refractive_indicesListWikipedia. (November 18, 2013). Spherometer. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherometer

Feminism And Feminist Epistemology And Science Sociology Essay

libber lawsuit And libber Epistemology And Science Sociology Es rangeThe vocalize womens liberationist movement is very ch entirelyenging and difficult to describe specifically only if it has a greater value in todays companionship mostly in the developing aras like Nepal, Srilanka, Bangladesh etc. The women of developing countries be facing so many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) problems like inequality from semipolitical adds to even in their house. To supplant such inequality problem from the existing society the word womens liberation movement developed. feminism refers to the beliefs that atomic number 18 injustices against women and they have been devalued and denied full equality (1).Feminism helps to exaggerate the women use of goods and servicess, power and their contribution to the society. It gives the full freedom to the women active their choices of lives. This feminism refers to the equality amid men and women. They have equal rights and r esponsibility towards the society.In the mid-1800s the term feminism was used to refer to the qualities of feminines (2). The term Feminism was derived from the cut word womens rightiste in the 1892 after the first international womens conference in Paris. The term feministe centre belief in and advocacy of equal rights for women establish on the mind of the equality of the sexes. Although the term feminism in incline is rooted in the mobilization or women suffrage in atomic number 63 and the US during the late 19th and betimes 20th century (3). The feminist movement is divided in to three wavesFirst wave contract during the 19th century and it refers on a newer feminist movement that centre as much on fighting societal and ethnical inequalities as further political inequalities (4). The arcminute wave in the early of 1960s, feminism saw cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked and this movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their own lives a s deeply politicized and reflective of a sexiest structure of power (5). The third wave movement arise ideology of A post structuralist interpretation of gender and sexuality in the early nineties (6). These three movements encourage the women for their rights and their equality. The ideology of feminism starts influencing by dint ofout the society after this movement. It brings a revolution in the elbow room men and women are equal to each other and effects fundamental change in society. It entails that the women have equal rights and duty as a man in all aspect.What is feminist epistemology and accomplishment?Epistemologist focus on the nature, origins and the limits of human fellowship (7). It is the nature of fellowship itself and its study focuses for acquiring knowledge and differentiate between equity and falsehood. Epistemology concerns every scientific discipline which helps to the collective efforts of human beings. In the modern days the epistemology is the debate between the empiricism (i.e., knowledge is obtained through experience) and rationalism (knowledge can be acquired through reason). There are many aspects of knowledge like mixer, economical and many more but many of the epistemologist focus on the social aspect of knowledge where the production installation and discovery concerns. Social epistemology is the study of the relevance of social relations, interests, and institutions to knowledge (8).Feminism has also roles in social investigation of knowledge and its epistemology is concerned to the whose knowledge is being considered. Feminist epistemologist does not confess about the empirical tell but instead of that it suggests knowing the social contexts and social beliefs because of its factuality. Feminist epistemologists of apprehension typically argue that the way science is done includes cultural and social standards in the description of nature. Gender is both part of the cultural idea that shapes how nature is describe d and is also described by the process of science.The feminist critiques of scienceThe feminist critique of sciences is a crucial subject where the science may be negatively impacted by postmodern or feminist critiques in a similar way to humanities and social sciences. There is also a debate between the originalism and relativism. naive realism is that there is an objective world which people learn about. Relativism is the idea that truth is relative in one way or another. It is easy to tumble into the trap that a feminist social epistemology-and any field which it makes a statement about, even science-is relativist, and many thinkers have addressed this, either devising cases that relativism is correct or making claims for a realist feminist science.Background for the feminist studies of objectiveness in sciencesObjectivity is commonly taken to be the end to which we allow our scientific beliefs to be driven by rough candid and non arbitrary criteria rather than by our wish es as to how things ought to be (9).1 Science is more objective than other areas such as art and literary criticism. To be a science the research programs must follow some criteria, veritable norms and rules (i.e., scientific method) rather than the prejudices, guesses and emotions.According to the great philosophers, Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend suggested the views that express the degree to which what we call science is constituted by factors that seem to go past outside the realm justification. They are not trying to focus on the extent to which science is independent of who does it but instead of that it raise the questions about the real level of objectiveness in science and how the scientist outline or modeled which hypothesis or theories pass for scientific knowledge. It is the crucial things to perspicuous between the real sciences and the rest things (non sciences).Another philosopher, Quine also raised a question about how autonomous science is from the other subje cts such as prejudices, guesses and emotions i.e., metaphysical commitments. He suggested that science is not separable from other social, political beliefs that we have. The ideas given by Kuhn and Quine raise a question about the objectivity of science and these doubts arose well within what is sometime considered traditional philosophy of science.9When the issue of gender was raised mostly many feminists were interested in ascertain what the possible factors of gender counts are as a scientific knowledge. A feminist tries to find out how the gender plays a role in recreation of scientific knowledge. Moreover, Gender is related with the sexism here the word sexism refers to the male, female and assumption about the superiority of one gender to the other gender however there is no conclusive evidence for that assumption. The way of women are ignoring and demoralizing in almost every field so the feminists began to comment on those things in which science excluded women, ignored s cientific issues pertaining to women and even the scientific theories influencing by the womens societal views reveal a question about the real objectivity of science.Science as Social (Helen Longino Harding)The problem seen by Harding regarding the objectivity in science is that she assumed the traditional conceptions of objectivity. To revealing and assessing the role of cultural and personal interests and values in sciences is very difficult to measure and assess. If the role is being played by cultural and personal interests and values because it is judged to be bad for science, or if the role played is considered inappropriately erect then it is argued that it remove have a way to eliminate or mitigate this role, thus increasing the extent to which science is objective(10). Harding was the person who finds the way to reveal and assess interests and values in science is to examine them from an put together point of view, and she claims that current conceptions of objectivit y are inadequate for these tasks. Helen longino also slip the same problem as seen by Harding and longino tries to solve this problem by focusing on how the scientific community is comprised and behaves instead of not bragging(a) attention to what individual scientists are doing. Longino claims that science is social, in the sense that doing science requires the interaction of individuals.Feminism and post-feminismFeminism refers to the belief that women are equal to men. several(prenominal) feminist argue that women need is not equality rather they need to be recognized and valued in their differences from men but some feminists believe that women need liberation from oppression instead of equal discourse and respect for their differences to men. Feminism seeks to improve the lot of those people who have been do into women, but it cannot rightly be said that feminism seeks to improve the tally of women that would be an impossible, self-contradictory mission (11).According to Rosalind Delmar, it makes more sense to declaim of a plurality of feminism than a single one (19869). It means that there must be some underlying commitment that all feminist share and make them feminist. Valerie Bryson says that all feminists share the belief that women are disadvantaged in comparison with men, and that this disadvantage is not a earthy and inevitable result of biological difference but something that can and should be challenged and changed (Bryson 1993 192). But some feminists would reject even this, perhaps on the evidence that womens biology does disadvantage them but that recent technologies such as the protective pill allow women to overcome their biological limitations (Firestone 1970).Post-feminists believe that women have achieved second wave goals while being critical of third wave feminist goals. The term was first used in the 1980s to describe a backlash against second-wave feminism. It is now a label for a wide course of theories that take critic al approaches to previous feminist discourses and includes challenges to the second waves ideas.(39) Other post-feminists say that feminism is no longer relevant to todays society.(40) Amelia Jones wrote that the post-feminist texts which emerged in the 1980s and 1990s portrayed second-wave feminism as a monolithic entity and criticized it using generalizations.(41) 1 of the earliest uses of the term was in Susan Bolotins 1982 article Voices of the Post-Feminist Generation, published in impertinent York Times Magazine. This article was based on a number of interviews with women who for the most part agreed with the goals of feminism, but did not identify as feminists.(42) Some coeval feminists, such as Katha Pollitt or Nadine Strossen, consider feminism to hold simply that women are people. Views that separate the sexes rather than unite them are considered by these writers to be sexist rather than feminist.(43)(44)Conclusion39.Wright, Elizabeth (2000). Lacan and Postfeminism (P ostmodern Encounters). Totem Books. ISBN978-1-84046-182-9.40. Modleski, Tania (1991). Feminism without women culture and criticism in a postfeminist age. modernistic York Routledge. pp.188. ISBN0-415-90416-1.41. Jones, Amelia. Postfeminism, Feminist Pleasures, and Embodied Theories of Art, in new-sprung(prenominal) Feminist Criticism Art, Identity, Action, ed. by Joana Frueh, Cassandra L. Langer and Arlene Raven. New York HarperCollins, 1994. 16-41, 20.42Rosen, Ruth (2001). The world disordered open how the modern womens movement changed America. New York, N.Y. Penguin. pp.444. ISBN0-14-009719-8.43.Pollitt, Katha (1995). Reasonable creatures essays on women and feminism. New York Vintage Books. ISBN978-0-679-76278-2.44 Strossen, Nadine (1995). Defending pornography free speech, sex, and the fight for womens rights. New York, N.Y. Scribner. ISBN978-0-684-19749-4.

The Woman In Black Sound Analysis

The fair sex In wispy Sound AnalysisHow Sound is Used in The womanhood In BlackI saw a production of the do The Woman In Black at the Theatre Royal in Windsor. The play is set in England in Victorian times. This play literally do me on the edge of my seat in some shooters and terrified the liveness out of me in others, the heavy in the play real did go a long way to achieving this.Sound is in truth important in this production as it creates tension, makes the play nerve-shredding and really services to tell the story as the stage is set as a minimalistic stage so the sound is vital to the story telling. The director (Robin Hearford) hired rod cell Mead as the spring of sound. One impression celestial pole Mead delectations sound effectively is where Kipps was sleeping at Eel Marsh house. The sound used here was non-diegetic and was a low Sapphic thudding. Thiss was a very good use of sound as it created an eery atmosphere. This sound was played from speakers position ed around the earreach to make the audience determine involved in the play. I public opinion this was a great use of sound as it really created a sense mystery and the audience didnt know what would happen next.Rod Mead used sound effectively in many ways. Often he used it to legitimise the location of a scene for example in the graveyard where Jerome and Kipps argon paying their reckon to Mrs. Drablow. There was a recorded sound of ravens which is a noise associated with goal and hauntings. The non-diegetic sound was played from speakers which were behind the actors. This makes it realistic for the audience because Rod Mead is devising us use our senses to make us more in attainment and into the story, its making the audience experience what The Actor, who in this scene is playing Kipps, experienced. This is expert as it builds tension because it is bringing the audience deeper and deeper into the story and is enhancing the separation from the real world and as it was a min imalistic stage setting the sound was really important as it was the main sense the audience had to evidence the scene.I thought this was a brilliant use of choosing to stance the sound and it really support the action that was going on, onstage. Also on that point is a reverb on the vicars voice. This is implying that the perform was mostly empty and makes the audience wonder about why Mrs. Drablow was so unpopular.Another way sound is used effectively is in the great power scene where Kipps and Jerome are talking at Jeromes desk. In this scene Rod Mead uses non-diegetic sound really well to create an extremely clear atmosphere. In the background there was the sound of the busy market place, which include the voices of traders, the footsteps of race walking through the market and in the office there were sounds of unhorse murmuring from employees and chairs being moved etc. This was very smart from Rod Mead as it gave the sense that the audience were really in an office scen e and it drew the audience in to the story. These distant sound effects had been heterogeneous cleverly to create a background and atmosphere for the scene. I suppose this was a very good way of supporting the action of this scene and I think it really helped the audience paint a picture in their heads.Near the start of the play when Kipps and Sam Dailey are in the hold in, Rod Mead creatively uses non-diegetic to give real sense of the atmosphere of the train passenger car. If you listened, you could hear sound effects that had been mixed cleverly to create a background for the scene. There were sounds of the steam puffing out of the steam engine, the clickety gabble of the wheels rolling away on the track, and the gentle hum of the engine. These sounds were amplified around the live with a speaker at the front.This was a very clever technique as it gave the impression that we were really in a train carriage in these scenes. I thought this was a brilliant use of choosing whe re to place the sound. It also gave a brilliant atmosphere for the upcoming jump intimidate because it involved you in the play and it felt as if you were actually there on the train and it seemed normal. So when the climax, a loud train detusk (which was recorded sound coming out from the speakers), accompanied by a straw gelled rotating gobo, which simulated a passing train, actually came it was extremely shuddery because it came from nowhere and was a sudden unexpected shock. Also there was very little on so the location and the atmosphere was created through sound.So in conclusion, I can see how recorded music as well as live and recorded sound effects are all used together to communicate and tell the story of The Woman In Black, Robin Hearford and Rod Mead clearly worked together well to help one another and the overall effect was fantastic.

Memory as a Constructive and Active Process

Memory as a Constructive and bustling ProcessMemory is a constructive and alive(p) process. Evaluate this claim.Simon Andrew AgnewTo mensurate the nonion that call backing is a constructive process an perspicacity of close to of the researchp1 on the exploration of holding board is required. Brace and Roth (2007) argue that remembering is a constructive and prompt process kinda than a inactive chemical mechanism for recording external selective cultivation (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.130). only, it git be argued that memory is non exclusively constructive and active but also includes supine elements. This understructure be seen by dint of the constructive reconstruction techniques and a employment conducted by Godden and Braddeley (1975), which demonstrated that active dealing alongside passive environment fundamental interaction that create extra retrieval cues for context reinstatement. These techniques show that linking passive bear on of an environment dissolve financial aid in the active process of memory retention and recollection.Memories be formed from teaching perceived with all in all the backbones, after which info is coded and stored. Memory keister be broken bring down into three components, Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval. Encoding is the process (in) by which intimacy is stored in a persons memory. Sensory information, information from the outside world, is transferred and coded into memory formations. at that place be at least two ways that sensory(a) information can be coded. Visual codding, where shapes, address and/or objects, argon suffer through visual receptors which in turn form the bases for the reputeing of tell objects and acoustic coding, which codes fact impenetrables, like a leger or the sound an object makes, similarly linking this information to the meaning of specific sounds, either of words and/or objects. This process of encoding suggests that in that respect is an active pr ocess in learning the association between specific sounds or objects and their specific meanings and interpretations, which are subsequently stored in a persons memoryp2. Memories are decisive for everyday human functions. Without memory all interactions and experiences would not be stored in memory systems inhibiting the emergence as individuals and a society. Erik Eriksons research claimed that identity operator and memory were directly related to the development of individuality and society (Phoenix, 2007, pg.53). Eriksonp3 utter that a conscious sense of individual uniqueness an unconscious seek for continuity (Phoenix, 2007, pg.53). This suggests that memory is an active process in which helps in the development toward the idea of who we are.Storage processes are the means through which information is (coded and) then stored within a persons memory. Memory is a function that psychologists are long laborious to understandThe first psychologist to conceptualise memory as involving different systems was William James (1890). James proposed that the primary memory system involved conscious use of mental activity duration the secondary coil system was for storing knowledge and experiences. James theory of different memory sub-systems is lull cosmos used, however other research has since been conducted that shows that memory can be broken down into three main processes, Sensory Memory, holds sensory information from the outside world for a brief moment. Short-Term Memory holds coded information for a few seconds or minutes, and Long Term Memory holds coded information in a robust form for many years. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.115).There are different ways to study memory function, from methods such as science laboratory experiments, quasi-experiments and field experiments (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.117). . Brace and Roth state that memory is an active, selective, and constructive process rather than a passive mechanism for recording external information. (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.130). However, this can be challenged through techniques like Retrieval-Enhancing Techniques. (These are the techniques) used by police officers when interviewing witnesses to aid in memory retrieval of a particular vitrine. The different retrieval-enhancing techniques that are adopted are context reinstatement, where a person is as to move back the physical surroundings, including light, temperature and smells. Recalling everything where a witness is asked to recall everything from a particular incident, whether they conceptualise it is relevant or not. This is because retrieving one piece of information, important or not, can assist in the retrieval of other pieces of information that may not be as easily remembered. . Recalling in different temporal devotes where trying to recall an event either from start to finish, or in reverse, jump with the last memory, using salient aspects of the event and working either send on or b ackward from that specific period (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.125). There is sufficient deduction that supports memory retrieval through cognitive interviews. It demonstrates the ability to recall information that would not otherwise be actively bear upon, but could be perceived, in at least one way or another, through particular senses, such as smell, sounds or tastes.Godden and Braddeley (1975) researched Context Reinstatement (Godden and Braddeley) They designed a study that required participants to learn a list of 40 words while underwater or on land. The results showed that the word (were) recall was 40% high when the recall situation was the same as the learning environment, compared to (that) when the environments were different (switched) (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.127). It can be argued that these results show that memory is in fact active in some respects and passive others in that it demonstrates link up between the passive interpretation of an environment to the activ e process of storing and recalling wordsp4. Subsequently participants that were asked to recall the word list in (the opposite) a different environment remember little as the opposite environment provided no cues. (such). Endel Tulving (1983) explained the relationship between storing and recalling as stronger when retrieval overlap or match with cues that were registered at encoding (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.126).However, memory is pliable and recollection can be influenced by post event information as well as previous mental images and fancy processes. Bartlett (1932) described these changes in recognition and recall as cosmos unwittingp5. Research by Bartlett illustrated that when actively recalling new information, in order to make sense of it, a person relies on past knowledge and experiences. . Bartlett designed an experiment which highlighted influences of social factors on memory. . The experiment include participants reading an distill and then asked to recall as much of the extract as possible. . It was nominate that when new information was recalled the recognition was different to the fender information. . He noted that unusual descriptions were changed into standard descriptions, for example, something black came out of his let the cat out of the bag became foamed at the mouth. . Other changes occurred through rationalisations and omission of materials (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.132). . Bartlett explains this as effect after meaning in that past experiences, unconsciously and/or passively, intertwine with new information to help interpret and make sense of the new information. . These particular observations supported the idea that memory adopts both active and passive processing when processing new information making memory pliable and influential (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.133).Another example that demonstrates that memory is able to passive process information is through the works of Craik and Lckhart (1972). . Craik and Lock hart proposed two different levels of processing, alter and deep. . They suggest that shallow level processing is simple coded information in terms of physical characteristics, shapes and sounds. . Deep level coding is information that is processed is assigned a meaning (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.119). This theory led Craik and Tulving (1975) to further study these different levels. . A study conducted by Craik and Tulving demonstrates the abilities of incidental learning against learned learning. . This required participants with in the study to try not actively remember the words in the stimuli, as to only demonstrate the capabilities of incidental learning. The results found that people were more likely to incidentally learn words that they came crosswise during the semantic task (word that fit into sentences), and less likely to incidentally learn the words in the structural task (words in block capitals), and an median(a) amount of acoustic learn words (words based on rh yme) (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.120). This depression of incidental learning would suggest that the memory processes are also being passively stored to memory systems, as one of the main requirements was that participants were asked to try not actively learn anything during testing and yet their memory still subconsciously encodes and stores the information.In evaluating the notion that memory is a constructive process the assessment on some of the research in exploration of memory systems suggests that memory is not only constructive and active process, but a passive one as well. . It cannot be stated that memory is not an active process, as this is evident in the active process of visual and acoustic encoding, and that encoded information is key everyday human function, development and interactions. However it can be argued that memory is also a passive processes, in which sensory information is taken in and linked with active memory processes through environmental interactions o r already established schemas. . This can be seen and argued through multiple studies. The results of Godden and Braddeley (1975) demonstrate that memory is active and passive in that it highlights links between the passive interpretation of an environment to the active process of storing and recalling words. Which is explained by Turlving that when retrieval overlap or match with cues that were registered at encoding (Brace and Roth, 2007, pg.126). . However Bartletts discussion of the pliability of memory, due to the notion that memories are processed and silent using already established schemas, and that Incidental and intentional learning, further supports the line of work that memory adopts both an active and passive process when processing and/or applying meaning to new information.Words 1637ReferencesBrace. N, Roth I., (2007) Memory Structures, Processes and Skills in D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), subprogram Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 113-160). Milton Keynes, The Open University.Phoenix. A. (2007) Identity and Diversity in D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds.), occasion Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 45-92). Milton Keynes, The Open University.p1Though you have explain the issue to some consummation this cannot be said to be an introduction, as you are referring to terms and studies that have not yet been explained, You also need to inform the reader you mean to answer the question, and how it is to be organised.p2Though things can be stored in memory passively, without us attending to them.p3This quote is not really relevant to the question, and as above, there are elements of memory storage that occur without consciousness.p4I didnt understand this point in the introduction, but it makes sense this timep5Note that recognition is matching something to what is already in memory, whereas recall is retrieving something stored in memory.

Is it Money Well Spent? Election 2004 :: essays research papers

We live in a time where more pricy means more desirable. This years election expenditure has gotten let on of hand. It is time for future presidents to ask themselves, is all of this spending essential? The issue forth spending in the 2004 election was at least 1.2 zillion dollar marks and the tot costs of the 2005 inauguration to be 50 million dollars. Advertisements and person-to-person luxuries the hot seat elect and their family indulge in be even pricier than anything is. What hardly are the leaders of this free world spending this much cash for? appearing is a big deal when someone is trying to withdraw an impression. A person has to be able to hold him or herself properly, square away themselves properly, and prevail the latest revealfits to appeal to the many eyes looking up at them. First Lady Laura Bush, along with her two daughters spent a strong-armer sum of 30 railway yard dollars on one out of 6 outfits they wore during the inaugural bashes held on J anuary 19 and 20. The electric chairial suite mailboat at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel for inauguration celebrations cost 200 thousand dollars alone. This is 50 thousand dollars more than military necessities that the President claims we desperately need. This includes a richly armored military Humvee and one set of Army form armor. President George W. Bushs inauguration could have got gainful for vaccinations and wellness distribute for 22 million children impacted by the tsunami disaster, or it could have paid off some of the nations 412 billion dollar deficit from last year. Millions of government dollars was spent on construction of the platform, stands at the Capitol, and hardened inauguration security.Is it Money Well Spent? Election 2004 essays look papers We live in a time where more expensive means more desirable. This years election spending has gotten out of hand. It is time for future presidents to ask themselves, is all of this spending necessary? The total spending in the 2004 election was at least 1.2 billion dollars and the total costs of the 2005 inauguration to be 50 million dollars. Advertisements and personal luxuries the President elect and their family indulge in are even pricier than anything is. What exactly are the leaders of this free world spending this much money for?Appearance is a big deal when someone is trying to make an impression. A person has to be able to hold him or herself properly, groom themselves properly, and wear the latest outfits to appeal to the many eyes looking up at them. First Lady Laura Bush, along with her two daughters spent a lump sum of 30 thousand dollars on one out of six outfits they wore during the inaugural bashes held on January 19 and 20. The Presidential suite package at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel for inauguration celebrations cost 200 thousand dollars alone. This is 50 thousand dollars more than military necessities that the President claims we desperately need. This includes a fully armored military Humvee and one set of Army body armor. President George W. Bushs inauguration could have paid for vaccinations and health care for 22 million children impacted by the tsunami disaster, or it could have paid off some of the nations 412 billion dollar deficit from last year. Millions of government dollars was spent on construction of the platform, stands at the Capitol, and rigid inauguration security.

Cancun Essay -- Essays Papers

Cancun rattling itsy-bitsy clothing is required. There is very little pressure, very little rush, and very little reminiscent of the world. The Cancun argona is undeniably a mythic place to take a vacation. It has luxurious hotels, exciting activities, and mysterious travel to tours. First, Cancun has gorgeous hotels. The architecture of one representative hotel is fabulous. locomote into the entrance of the hotel is a alike(p) walking through a breezeway because there be no doors. Upon entering, the visitor is mesmerized by the colossal tropical floral arrangement thats so stunning and full of vibrant color that her mouth drops in awe. Soon, she realizes, after the initial shock, that she is walking on marble floors that look like mirrors reflecting rays of dancing light. Indoor waterfalls accompanied with lavish foliage engulf her all sense is stimulated. Happily greeted and escorted to her hotel room, she is delighted to see that the hotels beauty continues throughout ever y part of it. Posh describes the room exactly. The bathroom floors, counters, and the shower walls are polished stone, native to Mexico. Surprised, she looks over the balcony to see the S-shaped pool with a rudderless bar and the bars roof covered in bamboo. Walking through the hotel lobby, through the fresh gardens, through the pathway to the pool are picture-perfect peacocks flaunting their beauty, and, indeed, they are very beautiful. Every minute detail of the Grand Hotel is intentional to give her an unf...

Cloning: A Good Thing Essay -- Science Genetics DNA Clone Essays

Cloning A Good ThingA growing controversy in the world today is clone. One military strength is that copy and cloning look should be banned altogether. Another business office is in support of no restrictions of cloning and that scientists should be able to turn out on animals if they deem it necessary. Many other views are squeezed into different decrepit areas on the topic. It would be beneficial to explore the methods, benefits, moral and ethical conflicts gnarled with human cloning to fully understand the pros of cloning. The methods of human cloning and the look that accompanies them can provide a great deal of benefits. The benefits of human cloning include important medical break by means ofs, reproduction, and morality issues. Animals and plants could be cloned to produce lifesaving medicines through the research obtained on the way to human cloning. Human cloning research could regain many incurable diseases. Medical breakthroughs from cloning research coul d cure cancer and heart attacks, leave alone to organs for organ removes, and a variation in cosmetic surgery. A balding man could have grafts make of his own hair and have it transplanted onto his scalp (Human Cloning Foundation). Human cloning technology could allow children to lead better lives than their parents did, because of medical breakthroughs. Cloning could lead to the fountain of youth. It could allow reproduction of organs so people could transplant organs and never die. Infertile couples co...

Internet Predators Essay -- Internet Predation

net PredatorsIn recent years, the Internet has become the number one choice for doing research. A mortal can find information on just nigh anything. There are websites devoted to cooking recipes, musicians, schools, and pornography. Many schools will notwithstanding allow students to apply for admission over the Internet. Schools such as calcium State University, Northridge give students an option to register for classes through the school website, making it quick and easy to digest classes. The Internet is truly the information superhigh sort. non everyone who accesses the Internet uses it for research. Many pile, especially young people use the Internet for e-mail and bring downting. Chat rooms and instant messengers are becoming to a greater extent prevalent on the Internet. Internet service providers such as the States Online (AOL) have chat rooms where people from all over the human can chat about almost anything. AOL has chat rooms for teens, singles, ghostlike groups , sports, and many other topics. If a somebody in a chat room likes what someone else in the chat room is saying, he or she can send a private message. If the two people get along, they can add each other to their buddy list so they can always talk when both are online. However, a fuss may arise if a person does not use this way of chatting responsibly. After all, does anyone really know whom they are talking to unless they know the person own(prenominal)ly? Common sense must be used at all times. The Internet can be very deceptive. A person needs to use extreme caution when giving out personal information to a person they are chatting to. Many people lug about the dangers of Internet chat. People can be too trusting. The people who use chat rooms and instant messengers sometimes... ...rsonal Interview. Pennsylvania. 26 April 2002. Dean, Katie. The Epidemic of Cyberstalking. pumped up(p) News. May 1, 2000. http//www.wired.com/news/ government/0,1283,35728,00.html (April 24, 200 2). Hartman, Rachel R. Cyberstalking and Internet Safety FAQ. http//www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,35728,00.htm (April 24, 2002). Magid, Lawrence J. Teen Safety on the Information Highway. Safeteens.com. http//www.safekids.com/safeteens/safeteens.htm (April 24, 2002). Talton, Trista. Internet Predators Subject of Meeting. Wilmington Star. venerable 23, 2001. http//www.wilmingtonstar.com/news/stories/3084newsstorypage.html (April 24, 2002). Tarbox, Katie. Oprah. Television Program. ABC, Chicago. 17 April 2002. Turkle, Sherry. Who Am We? Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Rusziewicz. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 442-458.

A Lost Word :: essays research papers

A Lost WordOne backchat in the face language above all others throughout the history has caused more controversy, two in terms of human fatalities and backchats written about it than godliness. devotion has been a subject of major controversy long before in that location was an English language, long before there was a word for the concept. What follows however, is non a discussion of the controversy, or history for that matter. What follows is a discussion of the word and its meaning. Religion since its first minting has come to be an immensely broad term. So broad in fact that It defies a funny comprehensive definition. The word has come to refer to a loose and chaotically organized system of aspects and ideas, topics of you will. Many philosophers have attempted to define piety but only succeed in identifying a new topic. circuit is always the case but this continual attempt to define the word has only resulted in the continuation broadening process.One such philosophe r who sought-after(a) a comprehensive analysis of religion was Karl Marx. Marx explained religion is economical, social and mental terms. For his purposes Marx succeeded admirably. Marx held that man creates religion for himself and that when he looks into religion he sees his take tos and desires that have realized themselves through fantasy. Key in Marxs conception is that religion is a construct. Without man there is no religion, that is to say there is nothing goat religion except a reflection of ourselves. The go for that man puts in religion, god, and an afterlife are simple fantasy. This hope is a resignation of the hope that satisfaction can be gained in the immediate world. We believe in a happy afterlife because we have given up hope in this life. The hope is a total illusion. It is the opinion of Karl Marx that due to the temperament of religion, specifically its dependence on the fantasized and projected hopes of oppressed people, that when oppression ended, that religion would cease to be a compelling issue to man.Far from the stalk and political atheism of Marx stands Rudolf Otto. Rudolf, rather than examining religion from a secular and economic perspective, Otto focuses on the mystical and personal experience of religion. In fact Otto defines religion as the experience of awe and mystery. Otto describes a feeling of awe in the grasp of what is not so some(prenominal) perceived so much as it is felt.

A Lacanian Study of Motherhood in the Poems of William Wordsworth Essay

William Wordsworth was a prolific poet of the Romantic movement, perhaps best cognize for publishing Lyrical Ballads with friend and fellow poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1798. These poems were written in what Wordsworth described as a common tongue with a centre on themes often found in Romantic poetry, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the pastoral, the mythical, fragmentation, heroism and satire. In Lyrical Ballads one recurring subject roughly unique to Wordsworth in its passion and persistence is that of motherhood. The connection between muliebrity and nature brace it a frequently explored theme for many poets, such as Blake in his Songs of Innocence. However, I have chosen to focus on Wordsworth since motherhood is not only examined at great length in his poetry, but also because biographical details of his own life make analysis of his works concerning the topic all the more significant, since he had unconnected his own mother at the age of eight. For a t opic such as motherhood, one school of critical thought likely to append interesting observations is that of psychoanalysis. I have chosen to focus on Jacques Lacan for this canvas since his theories have a greater emphasis on the use and validation of language in the individual than other key figures in his field, such as Jung or Freud. Lacan believed that when we examine literature, we do not merely see the characters of a text, but also the text itself as an effect of the linguistic wordplay of the unconscious. For this reason I feel that Lacan is particularly well suit to the discussion of poetry. In this essay I shall be making course credit to Lacans analysis of The Three Orders and his account of The Mirror Stage in relation to the ego. For Lacan, the Mirror Stage is not ... ...ressing or painful situations, although we whitethorn have forgotten of origins of the compulsion. In the symbolic realm we also receive our unending search for Objet (petit) a, the lost o bject that must constantly be sought in order, we feel, to complete us an unobtainable other. For Wordsworth, this Objet (petit) a appears to be the mother figure and his compulsion is to write about her from every perspective. whole works CitedBennett, Andrew, and Nicholas Royle. An introduction to literature, criticism and theory 4. ed. Harlow Pearson Longman, 2009.Leitch, Vincent B. Jacques Lacan. In The Norton anthology of theory and criticism. New York Norton, 2001. Wilden, Anthony. system of rules and structure essays in communication and exchange. 2nd ed. London Tavistock, 1980.Wu, Duncan. Lyrical Ballads. In Romanticism an anthology. Oxford, UK Blackwell, 1994.

Free Essays - A Life of Greatness :: Example Personal Narratives

A  life history of Greatness   Of all the characters that I ve met through books and photos, two stand out as people that I most desire to emulate. They are Attacus Finch from To Kill A Mockingbird and Dr. Archibald lunar month whole wheat flour from Field of Dreams. They appeal to me because they embody what I strive to be. They are influential people in small t have gots who view a direct imperious effect on those around them. I, too, devise to give out in a small town after graduating from college, and that positive effect is something I must give in order to be satisfied with my life.   Both Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham are strong supporting characters in wonderful stories. They symbolize good, honesty, and wisdom. When the story of my town is written I want to symbolize those things. The base has been formed for me to live a productive, helpful life. As an Eagle Scout I represent those things that Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham represent. In the boor/adolescent worl d I am Mr. Finch and Dr. Graham, but soon I ll be entering the adult world, a world in which I m not yet prepared to lead.   I m quite sure that as teenagers Attacus Finch and Moonlight Graham often wondered what they could do to help others. They probably emulated someone who they had seen live a successful life. They saw someone like my grandfather, 40-year president of our hometown bank, love a lifetime of leading, sharing, and giving. I have seen him spend his Christmas Eves taking gifts of food and joy to indigent families. Often when his bank could not justify a loan to someone in need, my grandfather made the loan from his own pocket. He is a real-life Moonlight Graham, a man who has shown me that characters like Dr. Graham and Mr. Finch do much much more than elicit tears and smiles from readers and movie watchers. Through him and others in my family I feel I have acquired the value and the burning desire to benefit others that will form the foundation for a great life.

Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay examples -- Shakespeare Hamlet E

vindicate in Shakespeares small townIn Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All ternary men seek revenge for the murder of their incurs. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of action to obtain vengeance. Or in Hamlets eccentric person the choice was to seek no vengeance. As the play unfolds, each one-year-old man approaches the desire for revenge and chooses a different path towards gaining it base on the focusing of another character in the play. Fortinbras good decisions and self-control, as well as, Hamlet and Laertes bad decisions can be attributed to the outside guidance they receive. Fortinbras, son of the slain tycoon of Norway, is the first to seek revenge. Although King Hamlet, the now deceased King of Denmark, held sole responsibility for the death of King Fortinbras, adolescent Prince Fortinbras seeks vengeance toward the entire country of Denmark. Horatio, a friend of Hamlet?s, said, ?As it doth well appear unto our state, but to recover of us by bullnecked hand and terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands so by his father lost (I.i.101-104). By this, Horatio is saying Fortinbras plans to forcefully regain the land King Hamlet took from King Fortinbras. Fortunately, King Claudius, the freshly King of Denmark, intervenes and sends two courtiers, Cornelius and Voltemand, to Norway in hopes of convincing the new King of Norway, Fortinbras? uncle, to prevent the dishonour. Upon hearing the message, Fortinbras? uncle vetoes Fortinbras? plan to wage war on Denmark. However, he encourages Fortinbras ?to employ his anger, against the Polack? in order to vent his rage (II.ii.74-75). after(prenominal) taking the advice of his uncle, Fortinbras additionally ?makes vow before his uncle never more to welcome th? assay of arms against your majesty,? (II.ii.70-71). This intervention could be what saves Fortinbras? life. With the counseling of his uncle, Fortinbras is fitted to put aside his longing to settle the score for his father?s murder. In the end, he is greatly rewarded. Because of his persistent doubt of whether Claudius did, in fact, massacre his father Hamlet defers making pla... ...events leading to the success of Fortinbras and the failure of Hamlet and Laertes was initiated by a command from someone close to them. King Claudius had an posterior motive of saving his land, yet by telling Fortinbras? uncle of Fortinbras? plan to attack Denmark his uncle was competent to deter his nephew?s anger. By choosing not to attack Denmark Fortinbras was able to avoid harm?s way. The ghost of Hamlet?s father caused Hamlet?s death by advising Hamlet to seek revenge. forward his encounter with his father Hamlet did not want any social occasion in the act of revenge. In attempt to pursue his father?s wishes Hamlet kills Polonius, which causes his death. When Laertes listens to King Claudius he brings death upon both of them. Laertes did not trust his sword would be used against him. In the end, the men?s compulsion was determined not only by their own feelings, but by the actions taken under the command of another person. For Hamlet and Laertes successful revenge led them to death. The guidance he received, as well as, inner medium surmounted Fortinbras? need for revenge and led him to happiness. Works CitedShakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd ed. untested York Norton, 1992.