FIN 370 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Essay

Learning Team Current Market Conditions Competitive digest This paper exit give a short history and descriptions of apples I Pad minicomputer. It result besides give factors that strike take up, supply, and balance wheel charges in the market placeplace. Issues that apple brasss that affect its competitiveness provide also be addressed. Lastly, this paper leave behind identify the long term positivity of the iPad including, cost cinch of demand, technological innovation, and cost structure. Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak were friends in high gear school, which overlap like interested in electronics. They designed what would become the apple and on April 1, 1976, apple Computer was born. This is an Ameri stern based company located in California. apple specializes in design advancing, and the barters electronics, computer softw atomic number 18, and computers. Apple is accredited for some of the most popular crossroads of the modern world of technology such(p renominal) as iPod, iPh wholeness, iPad, and iTunes.Apple has expanded its sell stores to fourteen countries worldwide with 408 retail store not to mention their online stores, Apple Store and iTunes. Apples value as of March 2013 is $415 million, and it is the largest most publicly traded companies. The iPad is a tabloid designed minicomputer that was released in 2010 by Apple. This device has equipped with Wi-Fi and has a multi- bushel screen. There are five different versions of this particular tablet. Each has the susceptibility to play music, record videos, a camera function, browsing the web, e-mailing. Games, GPS navigation system, and neighborly networking can also be downloaded to the device. A market is as a collection of consumers and retailers of a specific merchandise or service. Demand is the certain volume that consumers are prepared and able to obtain. Quantity necessitated is the demand at a specific amount and is symbolized as the demand curve. The supply of a reaping is the bar that manufacturers are prepared and capable to convey to the market the sale ofthe product.The market can be analyzed by duplicate the supply and demand curve. Equilibrium is the connection of supply and demand curves. The equilibrium amount is the amount where the number demanded matches the number supplied. A change in outlay does not necessarily mean that the demand will change. It is much likely for the amount demanded will affect the footing. If the price is changed the curve will gesture along the demand curve. When the price is reduced the quantity demand will be increased. When the IPad was released, it was the only product in that market at that time. Therefore, at that time it absolutely controlled the tablet division. Some corporations tried to wangle with Apple, entirely recognized their position just could not compete. The competition combated Apple by creating smaller tablet that is an unfamiliar place for Apple. This creation worked and caused Apple to lose sales. The competitors rapidly established their place in the market. cost elasticity of demand is an issue that our nerve, Apple faces that affects our competitiveness and long-term shekelsability with regards to the iPad. Price elasticity of demand and supply tells us exactly how quantity responds to a change in price.As elasticity increases, quantity responds more(prenominal) to price changes. Demand or supply is elastic, if the percentage change in quantity is greater than the percentage change in price(University Of Phoenix, 2010, pp. 154-157). After reviewing data, specifically tar thwarted to the three types of iPads their pricing, capabilities and memory storage, it was determined that if the price of the iPads increased then the consumers whitethorn not get them (What Is An Apple Ipads Elasticity Of Demand?, 2012). The price elasticity of demand tells us that although apple is very technological innovative, scarce as it relates to price elastici ty of demand the quantity does not point (all the changes, modifications, additions, advancements, and so forth) consumers will still purchase the cheaper iPad (cost efficient) Apple should not invest in making more iPads. Consumer(s) cant readily identify / understand the importance /significance of having more capabilities, memory, storage, etc. The consumer(s) would ultimately shop for and purchase the iPad thats more conducive to their needs. Although apple has is very technological innovative, but as it relates to price elasticity of demand the quantity does not matter (all the changes, modifications, additions, advancements, etc.) consumers will still purchase the cheaper iPad (cost efficient)Technological innovation is an opportunity for our organization, (Apple) to face that affects our competitiveness and long-term profitability with regards to the iPad. Through technological innovation our organization will be able to make improvements to something that already exists s uch as the Apple iPad. Is the improvement to something that already exists. Technological innovation will constantly collapse a huge impact on Apple Corporation.As it directly relates to the iPad, with the technological innovation, we are able to re-invest and re-invent the iPad. As with any product of this magnitude, the cost will increase, more features will be added, more storage, more variability, etc. As long as we are innovative and have a willingness to be creative we will consistently bring saucyfangled items to the market that will steady intrigue the consumers and adapts to their technological needs. Cost mental synthesis (TC = FC + VC) is the be of production, the identification of how be associated with the production of a good or service are distributed throughout the process The cost structure consists of primed(p) be, variable star costs and total cost (University Of Phoenix, 2010, pp. 283-285). According to Internal Factors be (n.d.), When analyzing cost , the marketer will consider all costs needed to get the product to market including those associated with production, marketing, distribution and company administration (e.g., office expense).These costs can be divided into two main categories fixed costs and variable costs. Fixed costs are costs that are spent and cannot be recovered (rent, credit interest, maintenance costs, security and administrative expenses, often salary). The major factors affecting fixed costs are (1) Changes in business organization, (2) Changes in technology applied, (3) Sale of manufacturing equipment and (3) Decisions to undertake advertising activities, etc. Variable costs are costs that vary with production. Factors affecting variable costs, including productivity and others that change the supply of and demand for labor (internal factors), (1) Involve costs of items that are either components of the product (parts/packaging), (2) Directly associated with creating the product (electricity to run an c rowd line), (3) Coupons and (4) Variable costs, especially for tangible products tend to decline as more units are produced. This is due to the producing companys ability to purchase product components for lower prices since component suppliers often providediscounted pricing for large quantity purchases (). Total cost the sum of all costs of inputs used by a firm in production TC = FC + VC Apple is one of the worlds most admired brands. Every year, as rumors to the highest degree Apples products start to emerge web sites begin to contrive which suppliers are likely to win Apples business.Getting a contract from Apple can lift a companys value by millions of dollars. On October 22 Apple released a alteration of new hardware and software. Apples new iPad is clearly commission on improving the iPad product profit margin, turn also maintaining it unassailable market share. One of the ways Apple can maximize their profit is by reducing the price of the original iPad mini. Another recommendation that can maximize the profit for Apple is to also make radical improvements to the large iPad and the mini. Apple has four products in the iPad lineup. While Apple decided to contain the price of the iPad 2 at $399 Apple dropped the price of the IPad mini to $299. The newest iPad, the new full-size iPad Air is thinner and lighter than the previous full-size iPads and much more powerful. The new iPad Air will sell at $499, while the second new iPad tablet the iPad mini with Retina display will sale for $399. By Apple move the price on the iPad mini this move should help Apple maintain market share with it strong competition. beefed-up competitors like Google and Amazon have recently dropped the prices on their popular tablets. mechanical man tablets such as Google and the inflame chivy have been gaining on Apple over the past year with the lower prices and higher performance.The Kindle Fire HD sold for $139, this alone affected Apples revenue. The price fall pu t Apples base iPad mini closer to the price of Google and Amazons top of the line tablets. Apple chose to drop the price of the original iPad mini tablets to maximize their profits with the competition. Overall by dropping the price, this will draw more individuals to the Apple iPad mini and increase Apples marginal revenues and profitability. This will keep Apples market share in competition with Google and Amazon without sacrificing too much profitability. Although, in that location are several competitors in this market such as The Kindle Fire, The Windows Tablet, Galaxy Table, etc. none are able to uphold the standards that the iPad will carry. With all of our advancements in technology, research, investments, etc. we continue to be in high demand. If our corporation continues to be technological innovative and productive then we will continue to grow andconsistently re-invent. We will be more profitable, maturation and will remain cost efficient when it comes to manufacturing and producing the iPad. Based on the live market conditions, our competitive market analysis concluded that the Apple iPad will be an extremely productive and very successful.ReferencesDuhigg, C., & Barboza, D. (2012, January 25). In, China, Human Cost atomic number 18 Built Into an IPad, p. The iEconomy. Internal Factors Costs . (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.knowthis.com/pricing-decisions/internal- factors-costs Reisinger, D. (2013, October 22). IPad 2 Survives iPad Air, Still cost $399. CNET, p. . University Of Phoenix. (2010). Economics, eighter from Decatur Edition. Retrieved from University Of Phoenix, ECO365 website. What is an Apple iPads Elasticity of Demand?. (2012). Retrieved from http//applecoeconomics.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/what-is-an-apple-ipads-elasticity-of-demand-9/

Reaction Paper Example

state on FEASIBILITY STUDY epitome A Feasibility Study (FS) is a method of operation diligent to precisely describe what a form is and what strategic issue take a management to be considered to assess the prob office of gaining success. The following ar the antithetical eccentrics of FS technological, economic, cultural, judicial/ethical, resource, operational, marketing, real estate, and comprehensive feasibility. FS atomic number 18 d bingle by companies whenever there is a new wander to deal with.It is in addition use upd as a basis for an investment decision, whether to pursue or not on a particular bug out or short letter, or to make sure as shooting that there leave be a return on investment (ROI). answer FS is a necessity in the Philippine setting in the bearb oneness that in this unst satisfactory preservation of ours, investing in most liaison which does not phone some(prenominal) substantial returns is deemed to be a suicidal act. We do make lo ve that monetary remuneration is not the only classic thing that any of our investments carry in return entirely it is what fuels our abateeavors to continue to be of cleansement to others and give our clients what is due them.A comprehensively conducted FS will help us visualize the strengths and weaknesses of any project we atomic number 18 most to execute which in due course will save us money, cartridge clip and effort. study on SITUATIONAL abstract drumhead Situational Analysis is the step in the formulation of a plan, formulation of marks and targets, formulation of policies and strategies, identification of programs and projects and last is investment programming or budgeting. Problem identification identifies the issues and problems that need to be solved.The framework for analyzing social outcomes accommodate outcomes, resources, services and facilities, access and use of goods and services of services and facilities and environment. The profile of the targ et world describes the condition which involves physical, economic, social, cultural and semipolitical environment where the population subsists. Reaction The carry out of making a Situational Analysis is complex. It has a various components which need to be analyzed. Adequate time is very a great deal required to make sure that the end-result is not half-baked and clearly states the close for engaging in such get a line.Collective effort of those who are involved should desirewise be urged to arrive at a solid decision and basis for engaging regularly in the planned bodily function. REPORT on TECHNICAL ANALYSIS analysis Evaluating technical feasibility has to do with a large part of de destinationining needed and real resources. Technical Analysis should be make to conclude whether menstruation technical resources quarter be upgraded in a manner that fulfills the demand. If existing systems canfulnot be upgraded, then considerations on whether there is such an exi sting engineering science that meets the specifications should be the next alternative.Technical Analysis enables to uncover the method of production to be sedulous, equipment and tools, site study, amenities, detailory building among others. Reaction The practicality of a proposed or an on-going project can be measured done Technical Analysis. It is the skeleton in which your communication channel will stand and operate. It keep an eye ons if a certain telephone circuit conjecture possesses the necessity materials for it to be operational. Also, it makes sure that even if the materials are available, it has the capacity to embrace or sustain the project at collapse.Finally, it evaluates the capability of the workforce if they micturate the required skills needed to make the project possible. Technical Analysis encompasses the sagaciousness of the structural components and technical aspects in running a business or sustaining a project. REPORT on ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS compact environmental Analysis is the study of the threats and opportunities that may carry on the Marketing Plan. It is a original marketing operation used to identify outside forces that may affect the success or unsuccessful person of a certain product or service.It includes the identifying, scanning, analyzing and forecasting of the ever-changing business environment. The internal factors of environment that affect the business must basic be identified, which can be done at divers(prenominal) takes the company, regional, domestic and global levels, making use of SWOT and PESTEL, and it can in care manner be achieved with a very solid brainstorming assembly. Reaction Environmental Analysis is very some(prenominal) implemental in understanding the ambiance in the business arena. It enables to identify factors that greatly affect the operation and the triumph of the business venture.Scanning is the litigate of recognizing which of the identified factors run the m ost effect because it will aid in giving back a path for improvement. Analyzing and trailing the steps will arm one with the necessary and appropriate tools to start a business of his desire. Forecasting should also be considered for it furnishes a rational basis for certain strategies to be employed which is beneficial to the business. REPORT on FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Summary financial Analysis is an judging of the viability, stability and profitability of a business, sub-business or project.It is coiffureed by professionals who prepare athletic field areas using ratios that make use of information taken from financial statements and other reports relative to it. These reports are usually presented to top management as one of their bases in making business decisions. The following are examples of reports and documents necessary in making a sound abbreviation (a) Financial statements report the companys financial status to interested parties (b) Balance sheets line of battle a flocks financial status at a certain point in time (c) Income statements show a corporations profits and losses for a fixed eriod (d) Cash flux represents the flow of cash over a fixed period, by how much cash on hand at the start of the period and how much is left at the end. Reaction No business entity will bump without appropriate funding and financial back-up. Although there is adequate monetary neat maintained by the company, it will gradually collapse when there is no proper financial accounting. Financial Analysis guarantees the realization of your ultimate coating in starting up a business venture that is to suck profit. With proper financial assessment, the business will definitely survive the competition.REPORT on ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Summary Economic Analysis is examining in position the economy. The objective of which is to assess the over-all pre military service of a project on astir(p) the economic welfare of the citizens of the country concerned. It is for t he national economy rather than for project participants. The objectives of economic analysis are to bring out a conk out allocation of resources that leads to increased incomes for investments or consumptions and to choose the direction using the least(prenominal) resources for a given output.The final cause Framework is of great importance because both the use uply productive and indirectly productive projects are analyzed, it aids to secretive out misallocation of resources. It is also an estimation tool to examine the implementation efficiency, operational effectiveness, examen and impact significance. Reaction Understanding economic analysis entails a awake system of study to ensure the sustainability of a particular project and its success.Two components that should escort with each other are the Financial and Economic analyses to uphold the finish of sustaining the project. It should also be in consonance with the national objectives of economic retrieval for it to be truly feasible in uplifting the countrys economy and national development. REPORT on CULTURAL and SOCIAL ANALYSIS Summary Cultural Analysis is the study of peoples mode of life intended to gather date on remarkable fact or event to obtain new friendship by panache of analyzing the given data. The main airfield to cultural analysis are modification and change.Social Analysis, on the other hand, is the study of the development and structure of society and relationships. This has direct bearing on social theories which are used to study and image social phenomena within a particular school of thought. Reaction pickings into consideration the cultural background of the people or the society, makes an entrepreneur pure to the unavoidably of the clients and helps in determining what is appropriate and what is not to be chased in order to push through the business without predicament.Also, it is very raise to note that people comprising a society are involved in remarkable or outstanding events, how human behavior or discipline affects relationships, economics and politics. on that pointfore, understanding the society and its culture will develop a harmonious interaction between and within people involve. REPORT on POLITICAL ANALYSIS Summary Political Analysis the study of the state, giving medication and politics and its relation to the business community. It is about the wide scope of hypothesis and practice of politics and the study of political systems and political behavior.It has one-third handle Political Philosophy, Comparative Politics and International Relations. Political Science uses methods and techniques that plug in to the kinds of questions which are tried to be obtained or achieved. Reaction Considering the kind of political scenario prevailing in this country, it is of great importance to consider political analysis, an in- attainment discourse will enable you to deal with circumstances which are within the jump of political c oncerns of the nation nowadays.Economic stability rest on the pillars of political stability as sanitary and it will be of major importance to study the predominant political science your are in to blend in and be on safe grounds. REPORT on PROJECT judgement and PROJECT IDENTIFICATION Summary object Appraisal is a abut of assessing the case for proceeding with a proposal or a project itself. It includes six (6) major points which starts with Project Identification assist wherein collection, compilation and analysis of data to locate potential opportunities to start and development opportunities are done.Defining Project Goals and Objectives relate two (2) different ideas. Goals serve as the what in the border and objectives serve as the how. Project Appraisal also consists of financial assessment money, profitability and eligibility while technical assessment includes whether a project is guardianship with its objectives or is strategic in nature. Reaction Clearly defined go als and objectives is what unfeignedly count in pursuing a remarkable project. The formulation of the utter goals and objectives should be given enough time and thinking before a project is to be undertaken.The success of any project or business endeavor lies in a good-defined and factual goals and objectives. REPORT on CONTEMPORARY ISSUES in PROJECT MANAGEMENT Summary The first thing to do in putting up as business is decision making what kind of business you are going to venture in. And it will be normal to think of a business that will be patronized strongly by the masses. Considering the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that you might encounter in the process will help you deal with the future issues and potential problems you might encounter on the modal value.Some of these problems are the following low capital, limited resources, shift in consumer behavior, memory accessability of raw materials, transportation, labor, marketing, location, laying the gro und work, and branding. But despite all these, solutions can be applied in order to avoid encountering the said problems in running a business. Some of these precautionary measures are as follows establishing a realistic mission, picking a business that is in demand, committing to running business, having enough working capital, and finally, choosing the right marketing campaign.Reaction It may be said that we can all be business owners but not all of us will succeed in the business endeavors we ought to put up and operate. There are some(prenominal) factors to consider during the process of homework your desired business venture, running it, and maintaining its superiority over the market. It may be deduced that to be able to attain success, one must give the passion and dedication in what he/she is doing. The desire to always to better will make sure that you are on the right track. REPORT on PROJECT monitor and MONITORING TOOLSSummary The primary map Project monitor is to com pare the way things are actually planned to the way things are actually done in a specific project. Employing the use of Project Monitoring Tools bid performance indicators, logical framework sexual climax, theory-based rating, formal surveys, rapid appraisal method, participatory methods, public expenditure tracking surveys cost-benefit and cost effectiveness and impact military rank will give project managers the essential information to continue, improve or terminate a certain project.Such monitoring and rating of development activities will provide them with better means to improve service delivery, training and allocating resources and demonstrating results as part of accountability to key stakeholders. Reaction Project Monitoring is very indispensable in any and every project to plunge with. It all starts with cautious planning associated with proper execution of established goals and objectives and close supervision and monitoring which will determine the success of an y project. The use of the project monitoring tools will alleviate the burden of handling projects.Proper utilization of tools suitable for the project is vital to the fulfillment of the project goals and will finally generate prolific results. REPORT on DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Summary Diagnostic military rating is administered not only to identify problems or deficiencies, but also to identify strengths and special talents of savants. It also determines the readiness of a student to begin school and if a student in any level of the political platform has mastered some or all of the objectives he is about to take.The need of the students, especially those disadvantage ones, to acquire first some prerequisite skills is determined through diagnostic evaluation. Proper sidement of students is another reason for the need to administer diagnostic evaluation because it will help go through boredom for those who have already mastered a certain objective and can avoid discouragement for those lacking them. Diagnostic evaluation makes attainment easy for the learners to acquire. Reaction Good diagnostic is a must because it helps teachers to place students properly in the instructional sequence and to identify causes of repeated failure to learn.But making an appropriate and sound diagnostic material should be taken into consideration because it will make or break the true stub of giving diagnostic evaluation. Teachers should make the implicit assumption that all students bring correspondent cognitive and affective skills, prerequisites and experiences to their class or subject at the beginning of each year. A teacher should really take time and effort in identifying the presence or absence of prerequisites skills, attitudes, and habits those students who have already mastered some or all of the objectives and those gifted or happy individuals who need special attention.The success of scholarship depends on the accuracy and depth of the diagnosis administered to students. REPORT on FORMATIVE EVALUATION Summary plastic evaluation is said to be useful not only for curriculum construction but also for instruction and students breeding. Formative assessments are focus on the learning process as well as the learning progress. While other assessments may only focus on the end result, fictile assessments check the students progress consistently so that adjustments can be made to reach learning goals.Both teachers and students participate in formative assessment while learning is taking place through things such as informal observation, prompt feedback and student self-assessment. A formative assessment is consistent and ongoing throughout the learning process. It also provides immediate feedback to both teachers and students due to ongoing assessment practices. Reaction Formative evaluations is important to meet the goals of a particular directional institution. It provides a venue for the goals to be shared and observations and feedbacks a re used by both students and teachers to improve the pedagogy and learning process.It also gives an opportunity for teachers and students to make adjustments to the teaching and learning strategies uses so learning will ultimately take place. The experiences the students have encountered can also serve as a motivating factor for pull ahead learning to ensue. REPORT on EVALUATION TECHNIQUES for KNOWLEDGE and COMPREHENSION OBEJECTIVES Summary cognition objectives imply commend and recognition of the specific elements in a subject area. The two main classes of liveledge items are supply and choice.Examples of supply items are completion item, definition of terms, identification, enumeration, and essay. The following can be administered in using choice items multiple choice, true or false, and matching display case. Comprehension objectives are widely accepted since they indicate understanding, described in terms of the three levels of operations, namely translation, interpretati on, and extrapolation. Reaction Knowledge is important for the development of ideas and learning to recall or recognize during formal instruction. It should go hand in hand with comprehension because it entails understanding.For teachers to be sure that learning took place in a particular teaching/learning scenario, formulation of evaluation materials which both uses knowledge and comprehension objectives is a must. Another thing which can be incorporated during the construction of the said evaluation materials is the technical know-how of the teacher making the hear questions, be it knowledge or comprehension. The art of question should be taken into consideration which will eventually result to a valid and authentic test material. REPORT on ITEM WRITING and SELECTION SummaryItem writing and selection aims to determine what the students learn from teachers look for different resources to know the topic where will the item came from. There are different kinds of items to construct . These are supply items like essay and short answered item, selection type such as true or false, matching type, multiple choice among others. Item analysis is a process of examining a class who perform individually in a certain test item. Difficulty index number is the calculation of proportion of students who got an item correct. Discrimination index is to know the ability to discriminate between high and low performance of the students.Analysis of responses helps the teacher to know what item or topic do students find hard in answering. Reaction Item writing and selection is an important part of evaluation. It is a process of creating and selecting a set of test to be utilized to determine the learners status after the learning process. Items may vary depending upon the lesson or subject taken. It must really test the skills that were taught appropriately so it will be valid. Suggestions given must be followed to achieve the desired result. This will also help the teacher to te ach easily and give the appropriate approach to the students based from the results acquired.REPORT on NATURE of SMALL BUSINESS Summary Businesses assemble our lives on a daily basis. We meet them anywhere we go. We are confronted by their outputs every time we move. All of them affect our economy in one way or another. Their success of failure spells growth or go down in the economic well-being of our country. This very important sector of our economy is of various kinds. They may be classified according to products sold, activity, or size. check to size, they may be further classified as lesser, medium, or large. In many ways, they complement each other.Among the three, it is small business that is most quickly check up onn although in some ways, it may not be so. A small business is one which is independently owned and operated and which is not dominant in its field of operation. The term independently owned means ownership is by a private individual, a partnership, or a c orporation. The term not dominant indicates that a small business does not control a sizeable share of its market. Reaction Business, may it be small or large scale is very helpful in our economy. They are like the backbone of the economy. They support the country in many ways like giving employment.Business can be classified into different types. Each type provides different assistance not only to the economy but to the country. displace up a business needs a careful planning because it involves investments. REPORT on ANALYSIS of ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES to EVALUATION Summary military rating is systematic study that is designed, conducted and reported in order to assist a client group to judge and/or improve the worth and/or merit of some object. Using the proposed definition, the study types presented in this book was examined to see whether it fitted into one (or by chance more) of three broad distinct groups.Covert investigations are the first type is labeled covert evaluation, although it might just as well be called politically controlled evaluation. Its advance organizers are implicit or unambiguous threats faced by the client for evaluation money. Public-relations inspired studies is a similar case of pseudo evaluation is the study that is planned, conducted, and used to serve public-relations purposes. The purpose of the study is to help the client to create a positive image for an institution, program, process, and the like. ReactionIn business, everything can happen and can be done. angiotensin converting enzyme kind of evaluation that caught my attention is the pseudo evaluation among other kinds of evaluation discuss. It is a kind of evaluation that gives false results just for the business to survive. mint should really be aware of this because it may affect other business. REPORT on SUCHMAN and the SCIENTIFIC APPROACH to EVALUATION Summary Suchman and the scientific approach to evaluation have three main aspects such as conceptual, methodolog ical and administrative aspects.Suchman supported the purposes of evaluation listed by Bigman (1961) which are to discover whether and how well objectives are being fulfilled, to determine the reasons for specific successes and failures, to uncover the principles underlying a successful program, to direct course of experiments with techniques for increasing effectiveness, to lay the basis for further research on the reasons for the relative success of alternative techniques and to redefine the means to be used for attaining objectives, and even to redefine sub goals, in the take down of research findings.The types of evaluation are ultimate evaluation, pre-evaluative research and short term evaluation. Categories of evaluation are effort, performance, and adequacy of performance, efficiency and process. Reaction Suchmans scientific approach to evaluation focuses on the conceptual, methodological and administrative aspects. It is a process that is scientifically design to have a rel iable and valid outcome. REPORT on PROJECT EVALUATION Summary Project is an investment activity where we expand capital resources to create a producing asset from which we can expect to realize benefits over an extended period of time. paygrade is a step by step process of collecting, recording and organizing information about project results including short-run outputs and immediate and longer term project outcomes. There are many reasons why we perform evaluation, here are some selection, monitoring, justifying, validating, up(a) and research. Purposes of evaluation are to find out how well community or participants needs were met, to improve the initiative, to assess the outcomes or impacts, to understand why it does or does not work, to find out how it is operating, to assess whether its objectives were met and to assess its efficiency or cost-effectiveness.There are two types of evaluation which are formative and summative. Evaluations in relation to education are oral quizze s, written tests and performance tests. Guides in making an evaluation report are executive summary, tables of contents, background, project description, evaluation designs and methods, analysis, limitations, results and discussions and recommendations. Reaction Project evaluation is necessary because it diminishes errors in your project.It refines your project in a way that if the results or evaluation fails due to uncertainties, you can go back to your objectives or processes and make some pencil pushing to achieve the desired outcomes. In relation to education, if the teacher, at the end of the lesson and evaluation of students, found that the results of the evaluation through examination or quiz fail, she can make some revisions perhaps in her procedure, teaching style or objectives that had been set if the learners cannot achieve it. If changes have taken place, it is for the achievement of the better outcomes.REPORT on STUFFLEBEAMS IMPROVEMENT-ORIENTED EVALUATION Summary Stuff lebeams improvement-oriented evaluation has a CIPP model. The basic framework of the CIPP was Complete Evaluation, arousal Evaluation, Proper Evaluation, Product Evaluation Symptomatic Illness of Educational Evaluation by the PDK ( Phi Delta Kappa) Committee, Avoidance, Anxiety, Immobilization, Skepticism, Lack of guidelines, Poor advice, Problems that needed to addressed in improving the conceptual base for evaluation work are definition, values, level, research design.Evaluation is the process of delineating, obtaining, and providing descriptive and Judgmental information about the worth and merit of some objects goals, design, implementation, and impacts in order to guide decision making, serve needs for accountability, and promote understanding of the involved phenomena. The relevance of four evaluation types of decision making are context, input, process and product.An overview of the CIPP categories is the primary orientation of context evaluation is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of some object, such as an institution, a program, a target population, or a person, and to provide direction for improvement. Reaction Stufflebeams improvement-oriented evaluation is a process of evaluation that follows a CIPP model or Complete, Input, Product, and Process approach. This aims to guide the implement evaluation.

Decision Analysis Tasks Essay

I was asked to offer up a statistical distribution phase that minimizes merchant marine costs and provides adequate availability and demand. I employ transportation modeling to solve this problem. Transportation modeling is an interactive operation that knocks the least costly means of moving products from a series of sources to a series of destinations (Heizer & Render, 2011). This tool is used to determine the best distribution pattern for multiple locations. It is best for this problem because it allows for us to determine how many products posterior be held at each location to give Shuzworld the lowest shipping costs. The original setup had an optimal shipping cost of $13,600. It had 1300 pairs housed at the shanghai wargonhouse. Shuzworld H had 300 pairs in store 1, 200 pairs in store 2, and 1800 pairs at Warehouse 3.Shuzworld F had 2200 pairs housed at 1 warehouse. The recommended plan move the optimal cost to $13,400. The Shanghai plant entrust house 1500 clothe i n Warehouse 2, with an surplus 1300 shoes held in case of change magnitude demand. Shuzworld H allow for hold 300 shoes in Warehouse 1, 1800 shoes in Warehouse 3, and an additional 200 shoes will be held for step-upd demand. Shuzworld F will have 2200 shoes held in Warehouse 1. This will allow all of the warehouses to hold enough products to pit current demand, with additional products in short shipping distance. This cuts down on shipping costs as well as time delay on the production of more than shoes. As the market demand increases, additional shoes can be delivered from the dimension warehouse.The next task is to find the most reliable appliance set up for the computer-driven shoe machine process. Reliability is the probability that a machine will function decently for a specified time (Heizer & Render, 2011). In baffle to provide dependability, it is overcritical to provide backup systems for all computers. When operating computers fail, production can be slowed, or stopped altogether. The initial system had an overall reliability of 76%. in that location was no backups for any of the machines. forge1 had a reliability of 84%, Machine 2s reliability was 91%, and Machine 3 had a reliability of 99%. The first possible setup, and eventually the recommended setup, was to backup Machine 1. This led to an overall reliability of 84%. substitute up Machine 2 only gave a reliability of 82%. Backing up Machine 3 only gave a reliability of 76%. Therefore the recommendation is to backup Machine 1 and increase the reliability to 88%.The next task is to provide the optimum fall of shoelaces to order, using appropriate cost balancing. The economic order quantity (EOQ) is the order amount that allows for an optimum level of materials at the lowest cost possible. There is a demand ofr 300,000 shoelaces per year. The setup cost is $125 per order. There is a $.10 holding cost per unit. The optimal order quantity recommended is 27,386.13 shoelaces per orde r, with a maximum inventory of 27,386.13. This means that we will order just the amount of shoelaces needed to fulfill current production orders. The average inventory is 13,693.06 shoelaces. There will be approximately 10.95 orders per year. The annual setup cost is $1,369.31, and the annual holding cost is $1,369.31. This makes the total cost per year $2, 738.61. This decision tool allows us to calculate the correct amount needed per order to ensure that we are lowering operating and holding costs, while keeping production right stocked.The last task was to determine if Shuzworld would benefit from a unitary-cashier or two-cashier delay line system. There is typically an average of 6 nodes cosmos serviced at any given time. There is typically a client being services every 5 minutes, so the service rate is 12 customers per hour. One server is typically busy 0.5 of the time. There is usually 0.5 customers in the queue at any given time. There is 1 customer in the system at on e time. This means that a customer spends 0.08 hours (5 minutes) in the store waiting to be serviced. A customer spends 0.17 hours (10 minutes) in the store fashioning their complete purchase. This is too much time for a customer to wait and be serviced. This long wait time may dissuade sales, as customers do not emergency to wait to be helped or pay for their purchases.Using a two-cashier system is a more efficient option of Shuzworld. The average server utilization is 0.25, meaning that 75% of thetime, there is a server available to help customers. There is 0.03 customers in the queue at any given time, with 0.53 customers being served at one time. This means that the customer spends 0.01 hours (.33 minutes) waiting to be served, and 0.09 hours (5.33 minutes) in the store completing their purchase. This system allows the customers to get into the store, pick out their items, and pay in little than 6 minutes. This will definitely encourage future business with the company. Cus tomers want to have the least amount of time spent in a store, and waiting for service may cause some to leave without making a purchase. This analysis tool allowed us to determine which system would provide the best times for the customers of Shuzworld.ReferencesHeizer, J., & Render, B. (2011). Operations Management (10 ed.). Prentice Hall.

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Running ear THE RHETORICAL ANALYSIS IN NO WOMAN NO predict The Rhetorical Analysis of No Wo humanity No Cry by docking facility Marley and the Wailers K atomic number 18n Start Dr. Felicia Dziadek Composition 1301 October 1, 2011 Abstract In this paper, the rhetorical analysis of the lyrics to No char No Cry, do famed by chase Marley and the Wailers, has been analyzed to reveal the rhetoric mean. Historical events in the Jamaican establishments actions enamord the singer to protect, in a serene manner, the deal and culture of his country, Jamaica.Repetition of phrases, sentence structure, tones and values of the striving are utilize by the artist to help move the flock then and let off today. The Rhetorical Analysis of No Woman No Cry by wharf Marley and the Wailers Try not start the opening sentence with a quote. 1979, Boston, MA, live at Amandla Festival-Harvard Stadium, sorrel Marley and the Wailers per varietyed the poesy No Woman No Cry mid day because promote rs feared a riot would spark in the streets. (moga1985s Channel, 2006) unmatched of the great songs ever written, number 37 on Rolling lapidates 500 Greatest Song of All Time (Wailers, B. M. , 2011. ), made a huge impact on society when the known actor Bob Marley helped to bring recreationfulness into his country. still what is it that attracts and crooks plenty to react afterwards listening to lecture of a per gainer? The medicament,take out the the lyrics, tones, beat, or is it the rhetorical statement within the song?After completing the recent question of No Woman No Cry, the proposed endeavor of this melody is verbalize to preach the word for a disclose government, and is dedicated to Bob Marleys mother, Ciddy, for the love and support she provided through the demanding times in encroachtown, Jamaica. The people of Jamaican took the rhetorical meaning of the song into action. Rebellions and riots were feared to hit the streets to fight for peace and love the natives deserved in Jamaica. Bob Marleys face and delineate revolves around the drastic mixture of Jamaica. Taking the hetorical meaning of this simple song is strong enough to be utilise as a arm to protect rights to choose a bump life story. To help further understanding of Bob Marleys linguistic converse, the in levelation collected has been constructed, analyzed, and developed into a view of the rhetorical analysis, (and the reason outing for the language carefully chosen for the song No Woman No Cry) take this out. Bob Marley carefully chose his delivery for the song No Woman No Cry to press out the awful need for peace and to love to his nation by using repetitions, a variety of tones and beats, and peaceful lawlessness.The rhetorical analysis of Bobs songs helped to cause the people into an understanding of the need for peace. In everyday life we intimacy rhetorical situations, such as advertisements or just simply hard to get someone to raise the ther so meat without asking but initially presenting the issue. In most rhetorical situations, people overcompensate to retain the music or rhythm without noticing the rhetoric in songs, poems, and articles. Such an example is the famous repetative song No Woman No Cry by Bob Marley and the Wailers.It is believed the song was intentionally written for Bob Marleys mother, Ciddy, or for the involvement of his country and religion. Reason for such rhetorical lyric poem was because of the independence of Jamaica. Marley was world exposed to the staunch realities of abject poverty, low pay, malnutrition and disease and a lack of governmental rights by the poor, houses which were anything from cardboard boxes to beaten out oil drums nailed together, roadblocks, migration, and food shortage. (rasta man vibrations, 2011. Life became hard for the Jamaicans therefore the songs rhetorical meat relates to the politics at the time being and influenced millions world-wide for peace. The phrase in the government deoxyguanosine monophosphate in Trenchtown, Oba, ob-serving the hypocrites (Ford, Vincent, 1976) refers to the lack of help and support for the people suffering. Marleys rebellion wasnt just to preach how bad the government is or to persuade the earthly concern to revolt in incident his voice rang some other bell. To tutor the world to love and take care of one another is the pass in between the lines of the lyrics.His famous quote No Woman No Cry has imprinted the Jamaican government with a rhetorical situation of hard times in life, and the tone peace and love sets a strong state of mind in the peoples hearts in which helped the movement of Jamaican independence. The pith from the lyrics means more than just telling to be heard, its some having a better life, and to show that No Woman should Not Cry (Ford, Vincent. ) because the future will be better. To get to the rhetorical sum, you must first discover the features of the song No Woman No Cry for a bett er understanding of how and why the lyrics and beats influence the capacity.The construction of a song can show other characteristics about the artists appearances or beliefs. First recognized by the interview are the diction and the chronological order of ideas from the performer. Bob Marleys chose of words are mainly informal diction. He speaks to his audience as if he personally knows them. Bobs language is so passionate and his words relate to the audience on a deep personal level. A popular choice of writing is repetition of words or phrases in addition used in the No Woman No Cry. The lines No Woman No Cry and Everythings gonna be alright (Ford, Vincent. are repeated and detain a deeper message verses just seeing the unsheathed text. Sentence structure is also a helpful tool used by artist. The arrangement of ideas in a song is very important. In the Also, the performance of the song is very sophisticated. Because Marleys words were so passionate, people literally took the rhetorical message into action. Most reggae music is a form of steady beat and ska combined and slowed. Usually the third or fourth string is accented and this tends to be the standard rhythm.The rhythm, beats, repetition of words, and the order of Bob Marleys ideas all devote to the rhetorical message of the song. Content and form are presented in the song and correspond to one another. The main purpose received from No Woman No Cry was the simple fact to not worry or stress and that the individualist will be reassured everything will be alright. The author of the song appeals to the reason of hardship in Trechtown, Jamaica. Such reason of this is the change of Jamaicas government control. Independence was won shortly before the burst of reggae music.People began to view life differently and shift to a new prospective. Not only does Bob Marley make music but he also changes galore(postnominal) individual minds on a variety of subjects. When individuals listen to the words prese nted in a song, they form an image or story of what the performer is introducing. For the song No Woman No Cry, the audience infers it is about a muliebrity and the performer is trying to reassure her that there is no reason to cry. But in reality, the sweet words are directed into two ways. One line in the lyrics Then we would cook cornrepast porridge (Ford, Vincent. ) is eferring to the dinners Marley would enjoy with his mother. Although porridge for dinner was an sign of the familys economic need it was also conversely an indication of strength and love through Bobs satisfaction with having such a meal. (rasta man vibrations, 2011. ) This line is so sincere about the memories he shared with his mother growing up poor without food. After analyzing the song, a different prospect is formed. Majority of the audience assume the rhetorical message is directed to the relationship between Marley and his family and also to preach for a better system of government for Jamaica.Emotion ally the audience feels a maven of hurt, intrust, and calming peace from the performer. To house to this sense, form of the lyrics helps to portray such emotions. The structure of communication is mould into public communication In other words, it is the intention of the communicator that what is communicated might be received/apprehended by anyone. (Faulkner, Andrew, 2009. ) The performer, Bob Marley, uses such communication in hopes the audience will receive the information of the public to understand and continue to fight for the hope of having a still and peaceful country.This usage of form and content helps the artist reach out to the public. Marleys approach to the public and the techniques he had chosen were very useful to get his rhetorical message in his song clear to the point. Performers write and sing for various reasons and another key element to a performers writing is his audience. When listening to a song, a thought of whom the lyrics are directed to is propose d. Who could the writer by chance be directing his attention to? is question often brought to mind. In the perspective of Marley, his intentions were to his people the natives suffering in Jamaica. Then we would cook corn meal porridge, Of which Ill share with you this line considers the meals Bob Marley would eat with his mother. At the time in Jamaica, the public was so poor they couldnt afford to have a diversity of food. The message within these lines is directed to his mother. Like many of the Jamaicans, Marley had experience hardship therefore we can only assume his audiences are the people of Jamaica. In its literal sense the song can be construe as an ode to Marleys mother and the hardships they both faced in Trench Town. (Rasta man vibration, 2011).The performer used much of his personal experiences show that he too feels the same as the rest of the public. In sense that the public wanted a better life to have food, exonerate of diseases, and a home to live in. We as t he modern day listeners, assure the song into manners in which we can understand. It is believed the information Marley has disposed to his audiences is unfastened for the spread of the good word peace. Historical events influence the people experiencing the change of life, hardship, pain, and the need of support from those who want to rule.The wide range of audiences Bob Marley has obtain have continued to spread the peace, love, and happiness in hope that one day the people of the world will not have to shed no tears. (Ford, Vincent, 1974. ) Out of such powerful performances and significantly constructed communication culture and values can be produced. Marley had moved the people into a cultural development people today continue to devote his motivations. Individuals practice the art of marijuana, love, peace movements, and creating reggae music. Marleys face can be seen from posters to T-shirts and his words are used as greetings or goodbyes.Till this day, Marleys name is vanquish known for his perspective on life, the fight for his people, to keeping his religion, and a better government in his country. Many audiences have been reached out by the words of Bob Marley and his music lives on today touching the hearts of many people. The only clear cut rhetorical message Bob Marley has given to the world is the uplifting phrase, Peace, Love, and Happiness. Rhetorical analysis can provide a deeper intellectual thought of an article, book, poem, or song. In this case, the song No Woman No Cry by Bob Marley and the Wailers was analyzed to receive the message within the lines.Love, hope, pain, and sorrow all contribute to the long lasting song Bob Marley has given us. The sentence structure, structure of communication, and features used help to contribute the reasoning of No Woman No Cry. The performances of the artist contribute to the passive moving lyrics as well. A performer will most likely present the rhythm and beats to help the sentence stucture of the lyrics. sounding through the fine print of casual writings reveals rhetorical analysis with a little research and historical fact support. References 1. Bob Marleys song No Woman No Cry. n. d. ). rasta man vibration. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http//www. rasta-man-vibration. com/no-woman-no-cry. html. 2. __video_username__, m. (2006, April 2). moga1985s Channel YouTube . YouTube dish out Yourself. . Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http//www. youtube. com/user/moga1985. 3. BobMarley. com The Official berth of Bob Marley . (2010, December 27). BobMarley. com The Official Site of Bob Marley . Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http//www. bobmarley. com/. 4. Wailers, B. M. (2011, September 20). No Woman, No Cry Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/No_Woman. 5. No Woman No Cry Lyrics Bob Marley. Lyrics, Song Lyrics LyricsFreak. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. http//www. lyri csfreak. com/b/bob. 6. Ford, Vincent. No Woman No Cry lyric credit. (1976) 7. Faulkner, Andrew. The organise of Communication Reflections and Insights on Transformation. Reflections and Insights on Transformation. N. p. , 17 May 2009. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. http//sureshfernando. wordpress. com/2009/05/17/the-structure-of-communication/.

Research and development Essay

The Human resource management part of the cable organization is obligated for the hiring and firing of the ply that work in Boots PLC outlet stores and whatever oppo sit arounde chore organizations that atomic number 18 related to the compevery. Their principal(prenominal) aim to crap sealed that at that place is the right amount of workers in the specified place at the right period in order to contribute to the maximum takings that the provideing effort rear help towards. The hiring and firing is very important as it makes sure that the right people ar hired for the job that are in appropriate situations to fulfill va burncies.On the other hand merely the firing is just as important. If module are non clout their weight or are in satisfactory of carrying out the jobs they are meant to they may be fired. Also if there is no need for whole provide and then they may be laid off. This is a way of maximize profits as less go on out shed of fight which is a great percentage of the personal line of credites output. The HRM is be expressions responsible for the gearing of staff. It is their tariff to make sure that every(prenominal) staff is fully trained for the job they are employed for.These emergences the customer reliability and joy as when staff are asked questions they willing hopefully know they answers and likewise that they are capable of approaching customers comfortably and in a good fashion. This adds to customer satisfaction and this is important to Boots it is also i of their objectives citeed previously in the report. HRM are responsible for forecasting labour amounts and the amount of man power that will be needed at different times of the day week and year.If men is low in rush hours or periods much(prenominal) as Christmas then the company may not reach its maximum out put through mistake of their knowledge. Staff receives appraisals when they work for Boots. This lets them know if the trade is intell igent with them and if they are considered a valued member of the work force. The appraisals are again responsibility of the HRM department and they help to maximize business by insuring workers are reaching their full potential within in the business. Boots recently proposed to train up 7000 people to be settle to a greater extent knowledgeable about technology so that the business will benefit from this.Boots PLC also employ a further 45% of their workforce on top of their usual meter to help in outlet stores over Christmas period with tills, stock rotary motion and demonstrations. This shows the business has been planning the workforce amounts according to potential times of step-ups in demand. This area of the business can be very economical and importanttain the business notes when it comes to hiring and firing staff. This is however also very safe to the staff also. When jobs in the business become available instead of employing raw staff they promote current staff. This saves money as described in management styles later on.The HRM area of the business works towards the organization and in turn globalization objective of the business. The statement of we aim to develop staff and provide them with the right skills and attitude in order to achieve the organizations goals suggests that it be aimed at all the objectives of the business, which will reflect on the globalization and refinement conclusively. The fact that more staff was hired acts on the objective of amend customer satisfaction as more staff means that there are more hands to deal with the tasks needed which leaves more staff to be available to help customers and aid them with their shopping needs.The Marketing office of the business is responsible for satisfying customers needs at the right prices and at a time again as in Boots objective consumer satisfaction. To do this the market voice of Boots PLC is responsible for investigateing what the target markets want and interpret ing what their future needs would be and how they will change. They persuade the customer to buy products by advertising. They either increase alertness by advertising to all on TV or radio, or advertise specifics. These include in store adverts for particular products, which they make the customer, think they need.Free demos of some products also help to draw in custom and Boots does this in its make-up and its perfume range where there is ceaselessly trained staff available to recommend and advice. The marketing flavour of the business has lead to the birth of the Boots Advantage Card. Boots customer services is an outstanding department as they have been able to established customer dedication by the use of this Advantage card. Referring back to Boots objectives the wish to increase customer loyalty is proven as the Advantage Card is used by more than 70% of all key customers.Boots objectives on marketing were to increase publicity and stature by globalization. This has been attempted by opening several firms in Taiwan. A strategy that separated them from their competitors and attracted thousands of consumers over the Christmas period was the three for two-mix and adjoin strategy which was introduced afterwards a market query poll into marketing strategies return the mix and match as a popular suggestion. This was reflected by the feedback it returned. It is very important to be able to forecast and predict what will happen to the market.In order for a company to success in the long term it moldiness have an idea of where it is going. One of the outdo ways to do this, which also show the success of the business, is to look at its accounts. This will show if there is a gradual increase or decrease in profit and it will show what products sell, how they sell and in what quantity are they likely to still be required as the majority of tangible inessential goods reach saturation point and are no longer needed. The finance section of the business is the area that looks after the accounts and the money flow forecasting.The Financial area of the business makes sure all the finances of a business are properly recorded. This involves keeping detailed accounts either manually or on a calculator of all the money that comes in, and how it comes in to the business and how and where it goes out. The fiscal information is used by Boots and published in the yearly reports to show how the business is getting on. Boots PLC uses computer technology to record all the information and trained staff regularly analyzes it to spot correlation in output or product relationships.This is make to try and find out where Boots could benefit from altering the market and changing product ranges or increasing product base. This section of the business is also capable of raising finance when the business needs to raise cr receive for an investment or expansion. There is only a small aspect of the objective system that it appears the financial exercise to uches on. This is the objective to act towards modernization. Boots keeps its financial records in the form of computer files as apposed to storing them manually.This shows that Boots keeps up with the development of technology, which was a specific objective. This shows that an objective has been worked towards and met which has been beneficial as now the financial procedure is a lot less time consuming in storing data and retrieving it. Although there is always more problems with modern technology it is likely that in the long run it is less time consuming. Production is another one of the carryal areas but as there is little that Boots actually uncover due to the fact that they are in the tertiary sector this function does not really affect them.The only way it does affect them is that Boots must keep in touch with the exertion (secondary industry) business to ensure that they can meet the demands that they need in order to increase customer satisfaction. coincidental with this the staff at Boots must check produce that is received from the production companies to make sure it is correct. This section does not really affect any objectives that the business has directly. However indirectly it does regard the objective of wishing to increase the proportion of their own brand.There is little evidence I can provide of this objective been carried out but they do have their own cosmetic range that goes by the name of No7. This appears to have been doing very well. The main cogs of the business are the Administration section. This keeps the day to day workings of the business going. Again these are skilled staff trained in their issue and Boots pride them selves on the level of training and standards that their staff operates to. The administration maintains the business premises and equipment and if anything goes wrong they are responsible for fixing it of finding soul to do so.Anyone who works for Boots doing photocopying, printing (stationary jobs) cate ring, computer services, data storage, all these types of jobs come under the job description of Administration. As boots is expanding it is relying less on its own workers to carry out some of these tasks and it calls in people from out side the business, this is called outscoring, these people are usually found by the administration team. The administrative function as it is a necessity in the business and keeps it stream sturdyly relates as a contribution to any objective at all.The only objective I can see that the administrative function applies to id the modernization of the company. This is due to the fact that in order for the administration staff to act efficiently they need to be modernizing as technology such as computers develops. This will benefit all areas of the business. As the target markets demands are forever changing and bare-assed fashions are coming in and the months of the days come in and out the products that Boots supply are always changing.It is hard t o keep on top of the supply for goods, as there are so many aspects that alter the product demands it is hard to be aware of where they will go next. The enquiry and development of the business is responsible for severe to find out where to go next. They keep the other parts of the business informed about changes as much as they can. This is a main part of the marketing for the business. The research and development sector look at sales figures, accounts, customer trends and spending and try and deduct where the majority of the money goes and also where it doesnt.They do not look to replace products all the time but also to look for new products that would be beneficial to take up into the product range to increase sales or attract new business. It was the idea of the research and development of Boots to open the optician section of the business, as this was an area that they had not yet spread into and would be beneficial. The people in the research and development part of boots also look at other businesses and see how they operate, what they sell and how much they charge. every(prenominal) this contributes to the smooth running of the business. As Boots main objective is to produce a well-established firm that caters for the consumers needs research and development is a major part of decision making. Diversification is also reliant on this department as in order to turn research needs to be carried out to find out which areas it would be beneficial to divert into in respects of the customers and the company as a whole.Boots has got a large research and development department. The paragraph below shown what affects the research and development has had on the companys expansion. The first Health and witness Experience store opened in Kensington High Street in September this year. It moves Boots into new areas of the expanding health and beauty market. Services include physiotherapy, osteopathy, homeopathy, herbalism, aromatherapy, reflexology and nutritio n.These sit alongside beauty services including facials massage, false tan, ear piercing, pedicure, manicure, nail bars, and make-overs, summing up lifestyle advice on weight management, smoking, sleep management, relaxation and stress management. All combine to offer a total wellbeing offer. This paragraph gives list of some of the new products and services that have been introduced. These expansions in the business would not have been the result if research and development had not taken place. This shows that research and development has also contributed to the firm expanding, which was another objective of Boots.

Hamlet’s Madness

I am tho mad north-northwest when the envelop is southerly I know a hawk from a carpenters saw (Foakes 213). This is a classic example of the wild and whirl words (I.v.134) with which crossroads hopes to persuade people to suppose that he is mad. These words, however, prove that beneath his japery disposition, village is real sane indeed. Beneath his strange choice of im developry involving points of the compass, the weather, and hunting birds, he is announcing that he is calculatedly choosing the times when to appear mad. sm each town is formulation that he knows a hunting hawk from a hunted handsaw or heron, in otherwise words, that, rattling far form beingness mad, he is perfectly capable of recognizing his enemies. small towns fierceness was feigned for a purpose. He warned his friends he intended to fake madness, entirely Gertrude as well as Claudius saw by dint of it, and even the slightly dull-witted Polonius was shadowy. His public face is wholeness of insan eness but, in his private moments of soliloquy, finished his confidences to Horatio, and in his c atomic number 18ful plans of action, we operate that his madness is assumed. by and by the Ghosts first appearance to juncture, Hamlet decides that when he finds it commensurate or advantageous to him, he rillament impersonate on a mask of madness. He confides to Horatio that when he finds the occasion appropriate, he will put an antic disposition on (I.v.173). This strategy gives Hamlet a fortuity to find proof of Claudiuss guilt and to contemplate his revenge tactic (Burton 2). Although he has sworn to penalise his fathers murder, he is not sure of the Ghosts origins The spirit that I cod seen May be the devil (II.ii.596-7).He uses his apparent madness as a delaying tactic to buy time in which to list whether the Ghosts tale of murder is true and to decide how to handle the situation. At the resembling time, he wants to appear unthreatening and harmless so that people will divulge information to him, much in the same way that an heavy(a) will talk about an important secret in the nominal head of a young child (Boyce 232). To convince all nonpareil of his madness, Hamlet spends many hours manner of walking back and forth alone in the lobby, speaking those wild and whirling words which make footling sense on the surface but in fact carry a meaningful subtext. Although he appears to have deep in perspective(p) touch with reality, he spares reminding us that he is not at all far gone, far gone (II.ii.187) as Polonius claims, but is in fact rattling much in command of himself and the situation.With his ranting and party and his seemingly useless pacing of the lobby, Hamlet manages to appear rather mad. The straightforward and trusting Ophelia believes in and is devastated by what she sees as his downfallO, what a statuesque mind is here oerthrown. . . The expectancy and rose of the fair state. . . quite, quite down (III.i.152,4,6).Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are also fully convinced. They are Hamlets equals in age but are far inferior in intellect and thence dont understand that he is faking. However, although Hamlet manages to convince these simple friends and Ophelia of his insanity, other characters in the play such as Claudius, Gertrude and even Polonius eventually see through and through his behavior.Claudius is constantly on his guard because of his guilty conscience and he wherefore recognizes that Hamlet is faking. The king is suspicious of Hamlet from the precise beginning. He denies Hamlet permission to return to university so that he can keep an marrow on him close by. When Hamlet starts acting strangely, Claudius gets all the more suspicious and sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on him. Their instructions are to discover why Hamlet is pretending to be madAnd can you, by no bowel movement of circumstance,Get from him why he puts on this confusionGrating so harshly all his days of quietWith turbu lent and dangerous indulgence (III. i.1-4).The reason Claudius is so reluctant to believe that Ophelias rejection has caused Hamlets lunacy is that he doesnt believe in his madness at all (Kirsch 2 507). When Claudius realizes through the play-within-the-play that Hamlet knows the truth about his fathers death, he immediately sends him away to England. The prevailing opus of evidence demonstrating Claudiuss knowledge of Hamlets sanity is the fact that he feels threatened luxuriant by Hamlet to order him killed by the king of EnglandFor like the febrile in my blood he ragesAnd thou must cure me trough I know tis doneHoweer my haps, my joys were neer begun (IV.iii.67-9).In the scene in his mothers bedroom, Hamlet tells Gertrude that his insanity is assumedI have utterd bring me to the testAnd I the matter will reword, which madnessEven without this confirmation, the Queen has seen through his act (Burton 2). While Hamlet is reprimanding her, she is so upset that she describes his words as daggers (III.iv.98) and claims, Thou hast cleft my heart in twain (III.iv.158). The words of a madman could not have penetrated her soul to such an extent. The queen takes e very word Hamlet says seriously, proving she respects him and believes his mind to be sound. Furthermore, she believes Hamlets confession of sanity immediately. She does not question him at all but instead promises to keep it her secret. I have no life to breathe What though hast express to me (III.iv.200-1).Even Polonius can see that Hamlet has not completely lost touch with the world. Although he frequently misses the meanings of Hamlets remarks and insults, he does recognize that they make slightly sense. When asked if he recognizes Polonius, Hamlet promptly replies, Excellent well you are a fishwife (II.ii.172). Although the response seems kooky since a fish-seller would look completely opposed the expensively dressed lord Polonius, Hamlet is actually criticizing Polonius for his management of Ophelia, since fishmonger is Elizabethan slang for pimp (Boyce 237).He plays mind-games with Polonius, getting him in crazy talk to agree first that a cloud looks like a camel, then a weasel and finally a whale, and in a very sane aside, he then comments that they fool me to the top of my bent (III.ii.375). After the confusing conversation with Hamlet he remarks, Though this be madness, unless there is method int (II.ii.205). When his theory of rejected dearest proves incorrectly, he becomes very suspicious of Hamlets behavior and offers to test it by hiding behind the tapis in Gertrudes bedroom so that he can listen in on Hamlets private conversation with his mother. Polonius suspicions about the legitimacy of Hamlets madness assume to his death when Hamlet stabs the arras in the mistaken belief that the eavesdropper is Claudius.Hamlets soliloquies, his confidences to Horatio, and his elaborated plans are by far the most convincing proof of his sanity. end-to-end the play, Hamlets soliloquies reveal his inner thoughts, which are completely rational (Kirsch 511). In one such speech, Hamlet criticizes himself for not having yet taken action to avenge his fathers murderO what a rogue and peasant slave am IPrompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,Must, like a whore, move out my heart with words (II. ii. 545, 581-3).Hamlet calls himself a dull and muddy-mettled rascal (II.ii.563), a villain and a coward, but when he realizes that his anger doesnt achieve any social function interoperable other than the unpacking of his heart, he stops. These are not the thoughts of a madman his emotions are real and his thoughts are those of a rational man. Even when he contemplates suicide in the to be or not to be soliloquy, his reasons himself out of it through a very sane consideration of the dangers of an unknown afterlife And frankincense the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought (III. i. 85-6).A further important proof of his sa nity is how patiently he devises plans to prepare for his revenge. As he explains to Horatio, his antic disposition is a doojigger to test his enemies. His mounting of the play-within-the-play is another well-laid plan to trap Claudius into admitting guilt The plays the thing Wherein Ill catch the conscience of the king (II.ii.602-3) and even when the play brings him concrete proof, he is careful not to rush to take his revenge at the wrong moment.He could easily kill Claudius while he is praying but restrains himself so that there is no chance of Claudiuss entering heaven. Although Hamlets patience can be seen as an example of his procrastination, the Foakes think that it is rather a sign of rationality. Hamlet shows himself perfectly capable of action, as well as of rational thought, in escaping the kings armed guard, dispatching Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths in England, dealing with the pirates and making it back to Denmark. In addition, the earn Horatio from him through the ambassador bound for England is clear and precise and shows no signs of a befuddled mind (Burton 1).Finally, we are convinced of Hamlets sanity by his very normal reactions to the people around him. He is perfectly sane, friendly and decent with the players, giving them good acting tips, which they appreciate and respect. When Polonius and Claudius test the rejected love theory by loosing Ophelia to him, Hamlet acts completely rationally. He greets Ophelia sweetly, gets a little cold when he remembers that he has not seen her for this many a day, is very hurt when she returns his remembrances, and becomes completely furious, insulting womankind in general, when she lies to him about her fathers whereabouts and he realizes he is being spied on. He reacts the way any hurt young rejected lover would. This shows that he is very sane and rational indeed passim the play, Hamlets calculating mind lets him get away with all of his actions. He is the most sane person in the pla y and he uses his antic disposition to manipulate people, confuse everyone, and investigate anything he wants. He is fully aware of all of his actions and the consequences that they will have on the other characters in the play. Shakespeares genius shows through in the character of Hamlet. He was able to show Hamlet outwardly as a madman, but still keep the audience believing that he was still very sane underneath. Hamlet puts on his antic disposition very well. He is, in fact, sane throughout the entire play (Boyce 239).

Ib Math Ia

MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 MATHEMATICS Standard Level The portfolio travails For use in 2012 and 2013 outside(a) Baccalaureate Organization 2010 7 pages For nett opinion in 2012 and 2013 2 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C O N T E N TS T y p e I t as k s Circles T y p e I I t as k s Fish Production specie Medal Heights INTRODUC TI ON W h a t is t h e p u r p ose of t h is d oc u m e n t ? This inscription contains modernistic t aims for the portfolio in mathematics SL. These tasks get hold of been produced by the IB, for teachers to use in the examination sessions in 2012 and 2013.It should be noned that most tasks previously produced and published by the IB leave alone no thirster be valid for sound judgment after the November 2010 examination session. These include exclusively told the tasks in some(prenominal) teacher support material (TSM), and the tasks in the document tfolio tasks 2009 The tasks in the in the 2012 examinations entirely N O T in 2013. Copies of all TSM tasks published by the IB be unattached on the Online class Centre (OCC), under Internal Assessme not be apply, even in slightly modified form. W h a t h a p p e n s i f t e a c h e r s u s e t h e s e o l d t a s k s?The inclusion of these old tasks in the portfolio will make the portfolio non -compliant, and such portfolios will therefore attract a 10-mark penalty. Teachers may continue to use the old tasks as practice tasks, but they should not be included in the portfolio for final assessment. W h a t o t h e r d oc u m e n t s s h o u l d I u se? All teachers should have copies of the mathematics SL subject engineer (second edition, September 2006), including the teaching notes appendix, and the TSM (September 2005). Further selective information, ncluding additional notes on applying the criteria, is available on the Online Curri blind alleyum Centre (OCC). Important news items are also available on the OCC, as are the diploma programme coordinator notes, which contain updated information on a variety of issues. W h i c h t as k s c a n I u se i n 2012? The scarcely tasks produced by the IB that may be submitted for assessment in 2012 are the ones contained in this document, and those in the document Portfolio tasks 2011 2012 . There is no requirement to use tasks produced by the IB, and there is no date restriction on tasks written by teachers.For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 3 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C a n I u se t h ese t as k s b e f o r e M a y 2012? These tasks should only be submitted for final assessment from May 2012 to November 2013. Students should not include them in portfolios in advance May 2012. If they are included, they will be subject to a 10-mark penalty. beguile note that these dates refer to examination sessions, not when the model is completed. W h i c h t as k s c a n I u se i n 2013? The only tasks produced by the IB that may be submitted for assessment in 2013 are the ones contained in this document. T e c h n ol ogyThere is a wide range of technological tools available to support mathematical work. These include graphic display calculators, Excel spreadsheets, Geogebra, Autograph, Geometer sketch deck and Wolframalpha. M whatever are free downloads from the Internet. Students (and teachers) should be encouraged to explore which ones outflank support the tasks that are assigned. Teachers are reminded that good technology use should elicit the development of the task. E x t r a c ts f r o m d i p lom a p r og r a m coo r d i n a to r n ot es Important information is included in the DPCN, available on the OCC.Teachers should ensure they are familiar with these, and in particular with the ones noted below. gratify note that the reference to the 2009/2010 document is outdated. C op i es of t as k s a n d m a r k i n g/ colloidal tooth root u t ion k e ys Teachers are advised to pull through their own tasks to meet in with their own teaching plans, to select from the 2009/2010 document, or to use tasks written by other teachers. In each case, teachers should work the task themselves to make sure it is satisfactory, and provide a copy of the task, and an answer, solution or marking key for any task submitted.This will economic aid the moderators confirm the levels awarded by the teacher. It is particularly important if teachers modify an IB published task to include a copy of the modified task. While this is permitted, teachers should think conservatively about making any changes, as the tasks have been written with all the criteria in mind, to allow students to achieve the higher levels. N on -co m p l i a n t po r t f ol ios f r om M a y 2012 Please note the following information on how to smoke with portfolios that do not contain one task of each type. This will be applied in the May 2012 and subsequent examination sessions.If deuce pieces of work are submitted, but they do not portray a Type I and a Type II task (for example, they are some(prenominal) Type I or both Type II tasks), mark both tasks, one against each Type. For example, if a candidate has submitted both Type I tasks, mark one using the Type I c riteria, and the other using the Type II Criteria. Do not apply any further penalty This means that the current organisation of marking both tasks against the same criteria and then applying a penalty of 10 marks will no longer be used. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 4 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 SL T YPE IA im In this t ask you wi l l conside r a se t of numbe rs tha t a r e pr esent ed in a symme t r i c a l pa t t e rn. Consider the five rows of numbers shown below. Describe how to vex the numerator of the sixth row. victimisation technology, plot the relation between the row number, n, and the numerator in each row. Describe what you notice from your plot and write a everyday avowal to represent this. Find the sixth and seventh rows. Describe any patterns you used. Let E n ( r ) be the ( r 1) th element in the nth row, starting with r 15 specimen E5 (2) . 9 0. Find the habitual statement for E n ( r ) .Test the validity of the world(a) statement by chance oning additional rows. hold forth the scope and/or limitations of the general statement. Explain how you arrived at your general statement. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 5 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 C IR C L ES SL T YPE I A im The a im of this t ask is to invest i ga t e posi t ions of points in i nt e rse c t ing c i r c l es. The following diagram shows a circle C 1 with centralise O and radius r, and any point P. r P O C1 The circle C 2 has centre P and radius OP. Let A be one of the points of intersection of C 1 and C 2 . Circle C 3 has centre A, and radius r.The point P is the intersection of C 3 with (OP). This is shown in the diagram below. C3 A O P P C2 C1 Let r 1 . Use an analytic approach to find OP , when OP 2 , OP 3 and OP 4 . Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. Let OP 2 . Find O P , when r 2 , r 3 and r 4 . Describe what you notice and write a general statement to represent this. rumormonger whether or not this statement is reproducible with your earlier statement. Use technology to investigate other values of r and OP. Find the general statement for OP . Test the validity of your general statement by using different values of OP and r.Discuss the scope and/or limitations of the general statement. Explain how you arrived at the general statement. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 6 MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 F IS H PR O D U C T I O N SL T YPE II A im This t ask conside rs comme r c i a l f ishing in a pa r t i cul a r count ry in two di ff e r ent envi ronments the se a and f ish f a rms (aqua cul tur e). The da t a is t a k en f rom the U N St a t ist i cs D ivisi on C ommon D a t a b a se . The following display panel gives the intact potty of fish caught in the sea, in thousands of tonnes (1 tonne = 1000 kilograms). Y ea rT ot a l M ass 1980 426. 8 1981 470. 2 1982 503. 4 1983 557. 3 1984 564. 7 1985 575. 4 1986 579. 8 1987 624. 7 1988 669. 9 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1989 450. 5 1990 379. 0 1991 356. 9 1992 447. 5 1993 548. 8 1994 589. 8 1995 634. 0 1996 527. 8 1997 459. 1 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1998 487. 2 1999 573. 8 2000 503. 3 2001 527. 7 2002 566. 7 2003 507. 8 2004 550. 5 2005 426. 5 2006 533. 0 Define suitable variables and establish any parameters/constraints. Using technology, plot the selective information points from the table on a graph. Comment on any apparent trends in your graph and suggest suitable models.Analytically develop a model that fits the data points. (You may find it recyclable to consider a combination of dos. ) On a new put of axes, strike your model function and the original data points. Comment on any differences. Revise your model if necessary. The table below gives the total mass of fish, in thousands of tonnes, from fish farms. Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1980 1. 4 1981 1. 5 1982 1. 7 1983 2. 0 19 84 2. 2 1985 2. 7 1986 3. 1 1987 3. 3 1988 4. 1 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1989 4. 4 1990 5. 8 1991 7. 8 1992 9. 1 1993 12. 4 1994 16. 0 1995 21. 6 1996 33. 2 1997 5. 5 Y ea r T ot a l M ass 1998 56. 7 1999 63. 0 2000 79. 0 2001 67. 2 2002 61. 2 2003 79. 9 2004 94. 7 2005 119. 8 2006 129. 0 Plot the data points from this table on a graph, and discuss whether your analytical model for the original data fits the new data. Use technology to find a suitable model for the new data. On a new set of axes, draw both models. Discuss how trends in the eldest model could be explained by trends in the second model. By considering both models, discuss possible future trends in both types of fishing. For final assessment in 2012 and 2013 7MATME/PF/M12/N12/M13/N13 G O L D M E D A L H E I G H TS SL T YPE II A i m T he a i m of th i s t a sk i s to O lympi c G ames. high jump in the The table below gives the height (in centimeters) achieved by the gold medalists at various Olympic Games. 1932 Y ea r H e igh t (c m) 197 1936 203 1948 198 1952 204 1956 212 1960 216 1964 218 1968 224 1972 223 1976 225 1980 236 Note The Olympic Games were not held in 1940 and 1944. Using technology, plot the data points on a graph. Define all variables used and state any parameters clearly. Discuss any possible constraints of the task.What type of function models the behaviour of the graph? Explain why you chose this function. Analytically create an equality to model the data in the above table. On a new set of axes, draw your model function and the original graph. Comment on any differences. Discuss the limitations of your model. Refine your model if necessary. Use technology to find another function that models the data. On a new set of axes, draw both your model functions. Comment on any differences. Had the Games been held in 1940 and 1944, prognosticate what the gentle heights would have been and justify your answers.Use your model to predict the winning height in 1984 and in 2016. Comment on your answers. The following table gives the winning heights for all the other Olympic Games since 1896. 1896 1904 1908 1912 1920 1928 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 Y ea r H eigh t (c m) 190 180 191 193 193 194 235 238 234 239 235 236 236 How well does your model fit the additional data? Discuss the overall trend from 1896 to 2008, with specific references to authoritative fluctuations. What modifications, if any, need to be made to your model to fit the new data? For final assessment in 2012 and 2013

Changes in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500C.E Essay

The role of faith has swopd over clock condemnation in tungsten Africa from the migration of Islam transport its sassyly trustfulness, rituals, and establishment of a great society with the outside world through trade and cultural diffusion. further the unique African religion that existed beforehand was still retained the African culture still believing in animism and polytheism even after the spread of Islam. From megabyte-1500 CE the role of religion has seen changes and continuities influenced by the spread of foreign territories, frugals, and governmental/social systems in West Africa.Religion in any time and has several(prenominal) profound influences on its society affecting the moral jurisprudences, sexual activity relationships, and politics on that area. Previously, Africa although not fully isolated from the centers of other civilizations, remained withdraw from communication with them, slowing the indigenous religions to be the main belief system. West Africas first major change begun around 1000 CE when followers of the prophet Muhammad came across Africa bringing its religion, Islam, and social changes.Due to its linkup with the Islamic world Africa started to connect with other foreign territories through its new occupation and long distance commerce system, exchanging new ideas and products. Furthermore, this new data link with the outside world brought occupants to the area, resulting in a population about 30 to 60 million by 1500 CE. These new economic effects deteriorated the native Australians beliefs role as the sole influence of its society, sharing that touch with Islam.Also, the Islamic influence brought on by merchants and travelers spread the new faith across West Africa bringing mixed results from new converts and those who remained with the sea captain religion. In the 12th century around the Sudanic states lived a very powerful ruler, called Sundiata, who though never forcing Islam on the citizens encourag ed the spread of Islam, attracting many converts. Around the thirteenth century in the Kingdom of Mali became an example of Islamicized Sudanic Kingdoms from the building of mosques, attendance of Moslem prayers, and emphasized obedience to kings.In addition, ruling leaders a good deal took Islamic titles enforcing their authority and displaying the cultural diffusion connected with Islam. Though the role of religion in West Africa has been altered due to the spread Islam many of its traditionalistic ethic concepts have been retained and practiced. Despite the fact that Islam was introduced around 1000 CE, unlike in other countries, the new religion was not squeeze upon the people and some chose to convert, while others kept the traditional beliefs.One original concept of religion that has not changed in Africa is its monotheistic beliefs where there is nonpareil passkey, all powerful deity who controls the course of the world and influences its population. Also, apart from th e superior creator god there is animism, in which Africans recognize lesser deities often associated with natural forces, like water, wind, sun, etc, who are connected with the affairs of humans, good or bad. Many native rituals are focused on honoring these gods and other spirits for good fortune, including prayers, sacrifices, ceremonies marking important stages in life, like birth, marriage, and death.Furthermore, another(prenominal) religious practice that remained intact is the recognition of diviners, or individuals who were believed to be the bridge deck between mortality and the divine, who knew the causes of problems and their solutions spiritually. Also, though Islam was a major change brought on by 1000 CE, throughout 500 years it remained a immobile religion, which had some beliefs similar to that of the traditional religion. In addition Islam did not change African gender systems and supplanted original religions, rather than re piazza them.Although many changes were bodied into its spiritual life, religion still determined the good/moral code of the population determining the social and cultural manner of West Africa. The Islamization that took place within West Africa from 1000 to 1500 CE brought a variety of religious, political, and economic changes in its society, contrary to the diversity and individuality that remained. With the spread of Islam came a broader trading network which brought Africa new ways of communication with the outside world, bringing new ideas of faith and migrants to the area.Though the movement of new faiths traveled across the Sudanic states bringing new forms of worship, religion was still the main authority that determined the ethical/ social patterns of Africa. With this in mind much of African religion was retained, principal many people to live a life devoted to animism and several nature deities. Around the beginning of 1500 CE much of West Africa, curiously Ghana, Mali, and the Sudanic kingdoms, became a fusion of African culture and Islamic influence, with greater connection to the outside world and Islam while great diversity remained.

Pabasa Sa Nutrition Essay

commissariat is recognized as a basic mankind right, merry to the survival, growth and development of children according to the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF). And prim support is a key to having a happy, wellnessy animation, still when nary(pre noneinal)withstanding this pronouncement, one thousand thousands of mint around the world suffer from malnutrition and sojourns to claim millions of lives, with more than 5.5 million children under-five years of age dying annually. (Devpulse, 2008). There were 925 million malnourished people in the world in 2010, an increase of 80 million since 1990, disrespect the fact that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone (6 zillion people) and could feed the double (12 billion people). Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies remain the manoeuvreing nutritional problems in the Philippines which rank eighth in countries who fetch five million or more undernourished people. There were 15. 2 million undernourished people in 20012003, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. This represents the number of people consuming slight than the minimum amount of food energy (measured in kilocalories per capita per day) necessary for the median(a) person to stay in good health tour performing light physical activity.From 2005 to 2008, there was a signifi wadt increase in the parity of underweight children aged 0-5 from 24.6 percent to 26.2 percent, according to the National food Survey (NNS). A very high prevalence of underweight preschoolers was remark in Regions IV-B, V, VI, VIII, and IX, where selective information on the proportion of underweight-for-age children registered at greater than or equal to 30 percent. The emplacement of micronutrient malnutrition is likewise an important concern in the country. According to WHO (2009) the vitamin A status of the country is considered severe subclinical insufficiency affecting children 6 months 5 years (8.2%) and pregnant women (7.1%). Iron insufficiency anemia is the somewhat alarming of the micronutrient deficiencies affecting a considerable proportion of sisters (56.6%), pregnant women (50.7%), lactating women (45.7%) and male older persons (49.1%). Malnutrition in the Philippines is ca roled by a host of interrelated factors health, physical, social, economic and early(a)s.Food supply and how it is distributed and consumed by the macrocosm conduct consequent impact on nutritional status. While about reports indicate that there is enough food to feed the country, many Filipinos continue to go hungry and become malnourished callable to inadequate white plague of food and nutrients. Children be mostly affected not only because of the omit of food. Their lives are also placed at risk by deplorable feeding and help practices, poor health conditions of pregnant and breastfeeding women, lack of nark to health services, and unsanitary conditions. According to 2011 National Nu trition Results, only 52 per cent are breast ply within one hour of delivery 47 per cent of children 0-6 months are exclusively 45 per cent of children 6-23 months are breastfed, and fed with adequate and safe nutritious complementary food. Due to the lack of nourish food and nutrition bringing up, hunger and malnutrition are hitherto dominant in this country. (Food and Agriculture Organization 2011). In fact, these problems have been linked with high evaluate of poverty and an increasing population growth.Adequate intake of micronutrients is essential for preventing commonalty micronutrient disorders, such as vitamin A and iron deficiencies. According to Aphane et al. (2003), most countries have to improve the micronutrient status of the population by changing practices at the family level and by protecting the nutritional benefits of traditional practices that are eat at because of factors such as urbanisation and modernisation. In addition, according to The Micronutrient I nitiative better and diversifying the food that is eaten by the poor is therefore the most fundamental (though still not comprehensive) approach towards controlling vitamin and mineral deficiency. Unfortunately, it is also the approach that is most dependent on rising incomes. When income increases, people often reduce breastfeeding, apprehend convocation wild foods and eat fewer green leafy vegetables due to ignorance or poor knowledge of nutrition. Nutrition education and counseling are one of the governments st targetgies to combat malnutrition especially in children.The education and counseling practices teach the correct feeding procedures and improving personal knowledge of pediatric areas to improve health care in the Philippines. One of the bash program to answer malnutrition is with Pabasa sa Nutrition. It is an innovative approach in change the enforceation of the five(5) Impact Programs (Home, School and Community Food Production, MicronutrientSupplementation, Food Fortification, Nutrition Education and Food Assistance) of the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN). finished Pabasa, mothers are grouped into 10-12 per fellowship informally discussing health and nutrition utilise behaviorally designed materials developed by the Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP). Pabasa is designed to indue women in reducing their familys vulner force to malnutrition by the adoption of congruous nutrition practices and healthy lifestyles. The NCP provides training and materials for local government units and NGOs that plan to implement Pabasa.Guldan et al (2000) states, nutrition education has shown a significant benefit in increasing nutritional knowledge and improving infant feeding practices amongst mothers who nab nutrition education compared to mothers who do not receive nutrition education. (Ladzani et al. (2000) account that a nutrition education programme had significantly improved breastfeeding and infant feeding practices in rur al areas amongst local women who had been trained. It was also shown that teaching mothers about complementary feeding improved the mothers knowledge and the childrens diets (Ilett & Freeman, 2004). In addition, Guldan et al. (2000) indicated that children of mothers who received nutrition education had lower rates of anaemia and were significantly heavier and taller than the control group.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe purpose of this subject field is to pass judgment and determine the effectiveness of Pabasa sa Nutrisyon on the knowledge, attitudes and practices as acquired by the mothers of selected barangays in Hindang, Leyte.Specifically, this pick up sought answers to the quest1. Describe the profile of the respondents.a. Ageb. No. of childrenc. godlinessd. Highest Educational Attainmente. Estimated Monthly Family Income2. Identify the level of knowledge through the pre scrutiny and attitude test slews of the respondents on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon3. Determine the attitude and practices through actual observation with the use of structured checklist.4. Draw out implications from the hold. nugatory Hypothesis There is no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents on the knowledge, attitudes and practices on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYResults of this study would be good to the following institutions and entities, to the mothers so that they depart be guided and be advised on the importance of good nutrition for the family, the Barangay health Worker that they impart be guided in collecting information for the nutritional status of their clients thus they will call forth conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon to guide mothers, The RHU staff and nurses that will be more aware on the proper program to delivered to their clientele, to the Department of Health that the said institution will not only help but endorse and provide funds on the implementation of Pabasa sa Nutrisyon, To NGOs that it will give them insights of ensuring better nutrition to Filipinos, thus decreasing the rate of malnutrition in our country, and lastly to the future researchers that findings of this study will serve as their baseline to further improve result.To the Department of Health .This study can help the said institution to successfully continue the implementation of the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. To other Private Agencies. This study will provide them an insight of ensuring better nutrition to Filipinos, thus decreasing the rate of malnutrition in our country. Barangay Health Center. Barangay Health Workers will be guided on the nutritional status of every single . Through this, they will be able to help conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon that will promote good nutrition. To Rhu Staff and Nurses. This study would help the rhu staff and nurses to be amenable in conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. Mothers. This study would also be beneficial to the parents that in a way help them in providing proper guid ance and knowledge to their family. future(a) Researchers. The findings of this study could further serveas a baseline data for further research.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONThis study aims to know and focused only on the effectiveness on Pabasa sa Nutrisyon on the knowledge, attitudes and practices acquired by mothers of selected barangays in Hindang Leyte. The participants on Pabasa sa Nutrisyon are mothers residing in selected barangays in Hindang, Leyte, namely, Brgy. Doos del Sur, Brgy.San Vicente, Brgy. Tabok and Brgy. Bontoc. This study also included the demographic profile of the mothers as the intervening variable such as age, no. of children, religion, highest educational increase, and estimated monthly income. Moreover, the dependent variable of the study is the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers. The researchers conducted the study on September 2014 to October 2014. Furthermore this study is limited only to those mothers who participated the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. The r esearchers have chosen the following barangays because of the accessibility of each of the researcher to the different barangays. speculative FRAMEWORKEnergy and Instinct from Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud viewed each human being as a machine that consumes food, water and oxygen and converts these into energy, which is indeed expended in two physical and mental work. He proposed that instinctive physiologic needs are based within the id. Bodily needs lead to conscious desires and to the behavior necessary to satisfy the need. When the need is satisfied, the organism comes to slackening until another need arises. There are individual differences in the representation adopted to satisfy each need. Virginia Henderson on her theory of 14 radical Human Needs viewed health as a quality of life and is very basic for a person to function fully. As a vital need, health requires independence and interdependence.Since health is a multifactor phenomenon, it is influenced by both (prenominal) inwrought and external factors which play independent and interdependent roles achieving health. She also gave tenseness in prioritizing health promotion as more important care of the sick. Sister Callista Roys theory of Adaptation viewed humans as biopsychosocial beings forever and a day interacting with a changing environment and who cope with theirenvironment through biophysical adjustive system. This theory focuses on the ability of individual, families, groups, communities, or societies to adapt to change. The degree of internal or external environmental change and the persons ability to cope with that change is likely to determine the persons health status. She also proposes that being an open system the individual is vulnerable to inputs and stimuli from both self and the environmentCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKSchematic diagram video display the relationship of the variables in the study.The respondents demographic profile namely, age, no. of children, religion,high est educational attainment and estimated monthly income are theorized to affect the pre-test scores of the respondents. In our study, the researchers seek to determine the relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores of the respondents after conducting Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. interpretation OF TERMSIn order to facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally. Pabasa sa Nutrisyon the mothers are grouped into 10-12 per class informally discussing health and nutrition. Knowledge-a familiarity, awareness or understanding of something. Attitude- is an expression of raise or disfavor toward a person, place, and thing. Practices-the actual application or use of an idea.Mothers- who undergone Pabasa sa NutrisyonMETHODOLOGYThis chapter discusses the researcher design, the research locale, the selection of respondents, sample size, data gathering instrument, general procedures and statistical tools that were used. interrogat ion LOCALEThis study was conducted in Hindang, Leyte. It is a fifth class Municipality in the province of Leyte. In the north, it boarders with the town ofInopacan Leyte while it boarders with the town of Hilongos in the south. According to the 2014 projected population, it has 20,868 people with 4184 households. Among 20 barangays of Hindang, Brgy. Pob. 1, Doos del Sur, San Vicente, Tabok and Bontoc were the selected barangays for the study. The researchers selected these areas for accessibility and convenience of the study. These areas are the hometown and were the researchers worked. SELECTION OF RESPONDENT AND SAMPLE SIZEThe respondents of the study included all mothers who participated the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon in Four Baragays of Hindang Leyte. The respondents were chosen according to their availableness at that time and in the place where the gathering of data was conducted. seek DESIGNThe researchers utilized one group pretest-posttest study which is basic observational rese arch design. The group administered a pretest with the use of questionnaire composed of multiple choices, dead on target or false and Self-structured questions. Same questionnaire is given for posttest. An analysis of the variables quantitatively was do which served as basis for the interpretation, implications and recommendations that were patternted. RESEARCH PROCEDUREPermission was sought from the barangay president of the different barangays. The data were collected by the researchers themselves from September 2014 to October 2014. The respondents were instructed to sign the have form before answering the questionnaires. They were requested to individually accomplish the pretest questionnaires by writing their chosen answer in the sheet. Another set of questionnaires for the post test were given after three days. Accomplished questionnaires were retrieved by the researchers. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTThe questionnaire is composed of three (3) major parts. opus I, elicit data on t he profile of the mothers in terms of age, no. of children, religion, highest educational attainment and estimated monthly family income. Part II elicits data from the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon questions to determine the knowledge of the participants. Part III elicits data from theself-structured questionnaire to determine the attitude and practices of the mothers. A table was do and the respondents were asked to fill in their answers by putting a check mark. statistical Treatment of DataThe data gathered from the questionnaire were analyse according to their equal quantitative equivalents. The responses were also categorized according to the nature of the specified questions asked. The profiles of respondents were analyzed exploitation frequency tally and percentages. The following formula in find out percent was usedP= f/n x degree Celsius%where P Percentf frequencyn number of respondentsTo test for the significant difference on the pre-test and post-test scores of the responde nts on the Pabasa sa Nutrisyon. The machine formula follows (Walpole, 1982 Introduction to Statistics) t=(X _1-X _2)/(S_p (1/n_1 +1/n_2 ) )All computations and analysis were tested using 5% level of significance.