Oxidation of Benzoin and Rearrangement of Benzil to Produce Benzilic Acid Essay

The objective of the lab was to take on benzilic corrosive from benzoin. benjamin was successfully oxidized with nitric acid to establish benzil. The percent yield of benzil was 59.26% and the warming plosive speech sound range was 94.1-95.5C. The literature break up point of pure benzil is 95C, which indicates the correct return was obtained. Benzil was then rearranged exploitation potassium hydrated oxide to form benzilic acid. The percent yield of benzilic acid was 57.94% and the break up point range was 147.9-149.8C. The literature melting point of pure benzilic acid is 150C this also indicates that the correct product was isolated. Crude products were organise through crystallization and then re form to obtain pure products. Melting points were interpreted of each product to prove its identity.Introduction The purpose of the experiment was to cook benzilic acid from benzoin. This reaction would occur in a two-step go of oxidation of a -hydroxyketone to form the -di ketone, benzil. Then, a rearrangement would occur to form the -hydroxyacid, benzilic acid. Benzoin is an organic compound consisting of an ethylene bridge bound to phenyl groups and with hydroxyl and ketone serv icing satisfactory groups. The nitric acid would readily oxidize benzoin to benzil, a diketone, itself would trim to nitrous acid, which would decompose to oxides of nitrogen and water. Additional water was added after the sign reaction to act as a carnal and facilitate remotion of the hydrogen on the carbon that initially held the hydroxyl functional group. This indicated the remotion of NO2, and generated the carbonyl to complete the oxidation.The conversion of benzil, an -diketone, into the salt of -hydroxyacid by means of base treatment is generally referred to as the benzilic acid rearrangement. As potassium hydroxide was added to benzil, the stable salt, potassium benzilate, was formed. The salt was acidified by the addition of hydrochloric acid until the pH of the solution became acidic and solid benzilic acid precipitated.The ability to be able to produce benzilic acid is vital. Benzilic acid is used in organic synthesis as a base point for preparation of glycolate pharmaceuticals.After the oxidation of benzoin, the melting point characteristic of the product would prove that the benzil was produced. If the melting point range were narrow, it would indicate that few impurities existed in the benzil product. Again, after the rearrangement of benzil, a melting point would be taken to prove that benzilic acid was produced and how pure the closing product was. Crystallization through frosting toilet is important in this summons, so that the solid crystal product could be obtained as a precipitate from the reaction solution. After the crystals are obtained, it is important to recrystallize to remove impurities.This allows the most accurate and precise melting point to be taken of the product and also gives the most accurate percent yield of the product, without impurity being weighed into the final product. To avoid errors, it would be best to make sure the benzil produced in the first step had a narrow melting point range. If the benzil contained some impurities, it would most likely produce inaccuracies in the next step of the process when benzil was rearranged to benzilic acid. Procedure0.30 grams benzoin, 1.5 mL of concentrated nitric acid, and a spin vane were placed into a 5-mL conic vial with an attached air condenser. The variety was heating systemed in a 70C water bath for approximately 90 minutes, while being stirred, until the red nitrogen oxide gases were no longer present in the air condenser. Afterwards, the mixture was removed from heat and transferred into a beaker that contained 4 mL of cold water. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and then crystals were collected by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel shape and rinsed with cold nitric acid. The dried crystals were then recrystallized us ing 95% ethanol.The pure benzil product was weighed and a melting point was taken. Then, 0.100 grams of pure benzil, 0.30 mL of 95% ethanol, and a spin vane was placed into a 3-mL conical vial with an attached air condenser. The mixture was heated with an aluminum crush at 100C, while being stirred, until all the benzil had dissolved. Using a pipet, 0.25 mL of an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution was added drop reckless into the conical vial through the air condenser. The mixture was boiled at 110C while being stirred for approximately 15 minutes and the reaction mixture changed from deep blue-black to brown in color.The vial was removed from heat and allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture was crystallized in an ice bath and the crystals were collected over a Hirsch funnel using vacuum filtration and rinsed with ice-cold 95% ethanol. The solid crystals were transferred to a 10-mL Erlenmeyer flaskful that contained 3 mL of 70C water. The flask was swirled while 0.50 mL of 1 M hydrochloric acid was added to the flask. With each drop added a snow-clad precipitate formed immediately. The solution was checked to have a pH of 2, if it was not, more acid was added to the flask. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then cooled in an ice bath. The crystals were collected by vacuum filtration using a Hirsch funnel and rinsed with ice-cold water. The pure benzilic acid crystals were weighed and a melting point was obtained.